Despite Excessive Rhetoric Keystone XL Pipeline Moves Forward

Mar 8: As politicians continue to beat the Keystone XL pipeline "horse" to death, the Administration and TransCanada Corporation are continuing to proceed with the ultimate development of the project. With encouragement from the White House, TransCanada, the project developer continues to say that it is, "fully committed to the Keystone XL project and expects to place the pipeline in service by early 2015." It is interesting to note that while all parties involved are aware of this, there is a continuing misrepresentation by the parties and the media that the project has been permanently halted and the developer and Canada are pursuing new alternatives that will eliminate any energy resource, economic or jobs benefit to the U.S. will result in selling tar sand oil to China [See WIMS 2/28/12].

 

    Despite this reality, the political rhetoric was thick following last evening's vote on an amendment to "approve the pipeline and move forward construction" on the project. The amendment which required 60 votes for passage failed by a vote of 56 - 42 -- 11 Democrats also voted for the amendment. Reportedly, two additional Republican senators unable to vote, would have also supported the measure. The amendment, along with many others, is being proposed to S.1813, the transportation funding reauthorization bill, Moving Ahead for Progress for the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) [See WIMS 3/8/12].

 

    The operative part of the Keystone XL amendment (SA 1537), offered by Senator John Hoeven (R-ND) indicates, "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no permit pursuant to Executive Order 13337 (3 U.S.C. 301 note) or any other similar Executive Order regulating construction, connection, operation, or maintenance of facilities at the borders of the United States, and no additional environmental impact statement, shall be required for TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, L.P. to construct, connect, operate, and maintain the facilities described in paragraph (1). . ."

 

    Senator Hoeven said in a release, "In spite of congressional support, the Administration continues to block efforts to move forward on this project. It is disappointing that President Obama personally called senators to urge them to oppose this important amendment, which would enable the Keystone XL pipeline to move forward with all necessary environmental safeguards. This vote provides good momentum for our legislation. We'll continue working not only in the Senate, but also with our colleagues in the U.S House, where we have a good opportunity to include this amendment in their version of the Highway bill. With a majority of senators already voting in favor of our amendment, it would have strong support when the bill gets to conference committee." 

 

    U.S. Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) issued a statement on the amendment saying, "The Democrat-controlled Senate just turned its back on job creation and energy independence in a single vote by rejecting the bipartisan Hoeven-Lugar amendment. They rejected legislation that would have led to construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline and the thousands of private-sector jobs that come with it. At a moment when tensions are rising in the Middle East, millions of Americans are struggling to find work and millions more are struggling with the rising cost of gas, Democrat opposition to this legislation shows how deeply out of touch they are with the concerns of middle-class Americans. President Obama's personal pleas to wavering Senators may have tipped the balance against this legislation. When it comes to delays over Keystone, anyone looking for a culprit should now look no further than the Oval Office."

 

    At his weekly press briefing, House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) said President Obama owes the American people an explanation for "'personally lobbying' against the Keystone XL pipeline, and the 20,000 new American jobs it would create, and lobbying for sending North American energy to China." The Speaker said, ". . .by 'personally lobbying' against the Keystone pipeline, it means the President of the United States is lobbying for sending North American energy to China, and lobbying against American jobs.  So the president told the nation he supports an 'all-of-the-above' energy strategy that Republicans have long supported.  But his actions don't match his words. . ."

 

    While the heated rhetoric continues in Congress, on February 27, 2012, TransCanada Corporation announced it has sent a letter to the U.S. Department of State (DOS) informing the Department the company plans to file a Presidential Permit application (cross border permit) in the near future for the Keystone XL Project from the U.S./Canada border in Montana to Steele City, Nebraska. TransCanada said it would supplement that application with an alternative route in Nebraska as soon as that route is selected. The company also informed the DOS that what had been the Cushing [Oklahoma] to U.S. Gulf Coast portion of the Keystone XL Project has its own independent value to the marketplace and will be constructed as a stand-alone Gulf Coast Project, not part of the Presidential Permit process. The approximate cost is US$2.3 billion and subject to regulatory approvals. The company said it anticipates the Gulf Coast Project to be in service in mid to late 2013 [See WIMS 2/28/12]. At the same time, the White House issued an statement saying:

"The President welcomes today's news that TransCanada plans to build a pipeline to bring crude oil from Cushing, Oklahoma, to the Gulf of Mexico. As the President made clear in January, we support the company's interest in proceeding with this project, which will help address the bottleneck of oil in Cushing that has resulted in large part from increased domestic oil production, currently at an eight year high. Moving oil from the Midwest to the world-class, state-of-the-art refineries on the Gulf Coast will modernize our infrastructure, create jobs, and encourage American energy production. We look forward to working with TransCanada to ensure that it is built in a safe, responsible and timely manner, and we commit to take every step possible to expedite the necessary Federal permits.

 

"Separately, TransCanada gave the State Department advance notice of its intention to submit a new application for the cross-border segment of the Keystone XL pipeline, from Canada to Steele City, Nebraska, once a route through Nebraska has been identified. House Republicans forced a rejection of the company's earlier application in January, by not allowing sufficient time for important review or even the identification of a complete pipeline route. But as we made clear, the President's decision in January in no way prejudged future applications. We will ensure any project receives the important assessment it deserves, and will base a decision to provide a permit on the completion of that review."

    Another amendment was proposed by Democrats related to the Keystone XL project and was also defeated. Amendment SA 1817 proposed by Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) would, "ensure the expeditious processing of Keystone XL permit applications consistent with current law, prohibit the export of crude oil produced in Canada and transported by the Keystone XL pipeline and related facilities unless the prohibition is waived by the President, and require the use of United States iron, steel, and manufactured goods in the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline and related facilities with certain exceptions."

 

    Senator Hoeven issued a statement on the Democrats proposal saying, "The Democrats' amendment actually adds further impediments to the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline project. Not only does it require TransCanada to start over in the application process after more than three and half years -- just as the President's denial did -- but it also adds more restrictions which aren't workable. This makes it worse. . ." The amendment was defeated by a vote of 33-65.

 

    Access the Keystone XL pipeline amendment SA1537 (click here, scroll down). Access a release from Sen. Hoeven (click here). Access a release from Sen. McConnell (click here). Access a release from Speaker Boehner (click here). Access the TransCanada release (click here). Access the White House statement (click here). Access the White House press briefing transcript (click here). Access the TransCanada Keystone XL project website for additional information (click here). Access complete details and background from the DOS Keystone XL Pipeline Project website (click here). Access the Keystone XL pipeline amendment SA1817 (click here, scroll down). Access a release from Sen. Hoeven on SA1817 (click here). Access legislative details for S.1813 including links to amendments and roll call votes (click here). [#Energy/Pipeline, #Energy/KXL, #Energy/OilSands, #Energy/TarSands]

 

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Transportation Bill Exemplifies Broken Congressional System

Mar 8: In a classic example of why the Congressional approval rating is around 10%, the House and Senate have both demonstrated an inability to address the critical need of adopting a transportation funding reauthorization bill, despite bipartisan backing and support from over 1,000 diverse organizations that have come together despite their differences [See WIMS 2/15/12]. The current surface transportation bill expires on March 31, and the many groups, ranging from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to the AFL-CIO, have called for immediate action to reauthorize the nation's transportation programs. Instead, the House and Senate have been bogged down for over a month debating non-germane related amendments and issues including even an amendment to a transportation bill by Senator Roy Blunt (R-MO) to allow employers to object to providing insurance coverage for birth control.

 

    Reportedly, the Senate leadership has now reached a "deal" to consider some 30 amendments to the bill. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) indicated last evening that the Senate would consider the amendments today, but other reports indicate that only some will be dealt with today and the others will be addressed next week. The Hill publication reports that, "Among the amendments that will get a vote are ones from Sen. David Vitter (R-LA) to extend oil and gas drilling permits in the Outer Continental Shelf, one from Sen. Tom Coburn (R-OK) to eliminate duplicative federal programs and one from Sen. Bob Corker (R-TN) to reduce the 2013 discretionary spending cap. Another amendment authorizing the Keystone XL pipeline is also up for a vote."

 

    Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) issued a statement on March 6 saying in response to House Speaker John Boehner's (R-OH) comments that he is open to bringing up the Senate's bipartisan highway bill (S.1813) saying, "Senate Republicans have been using amendments to delay this bipartisan highway bill until Speaker Boehner could figure out a path for dealing with it in the House. Now that the Speaker has publicly signaled he is willing to buck his conservative bloc and give the Senate bill a vote, momentum is on our side. Senate Republicans have no reason to drag this out any longer."

 

    On the House side, the path may not be so clear. An earlier attempt to pass a highly controversial bill failed and then Speaker Boehner indicated that the House might consider a Senate bill. However, on March 7, at a GOP Conference, House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman John Mica (R-FL) indicated that his long-term (5 years) transportation reform bill received the support of U.S. House leaders and will continue to be the focus of efforts to pass a major transportation and energy jobs initiative through the House.

 

    Rep. Mica said, "House leaders and I agree that the five-year transportation measure approved by the Committee in February is the best option for a job-creating bill to improve our infrastructure. During a meeting today with House Republicans, we had a productive discussion and outlined our hope to move forward with the Committee's five-year bill with a few changes, including the financing of transit from the Highway Trust Fund. The Committee crafted a responsible bill with much needed and long overdue reforms. Working with the Republican leadership and GOP Conference members, we hope to move forward with a bill in the coming weeks that will create jobs and lower energy costs for Americans."

 

    Access a Reuters article on Senate consideration of S.1813 (click here). Access The Hill article on Senate consideration of S.1813 (click here). Access the Sen. Schumer statement (click here). Access the statement from Rep. Mica (click here). Access a listing of the Senate amendments to be considered (click here); and (click here). Access legislative details for S.1813 (click here). Access the Senate roll call votes as they occur (click here). [#Transport]

 

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Hearing On Rising Gasoline Prices Indicates Political Energy Divide

Mar 7: As WIMS has previously reported the political parties and interest groups remain far apart on energy policy and solutions to stabilize gasoline prices [See WIMS 3/2/12]. Today, the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Subcommittee on Energy and Power Subcommittee Chaired by Representative Ed Whitfield (R-KY) held a hearing on Rising Gasoline Prices. Witnesses included representatives from: American Petroleum Institute; The Rapidan Group (energy market & policy research firm); American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers; CarbM Trucking; Center for American Progress; Truman National Security Project; and National Association of Convenience Stores. The opening statements and witness testimony provide a clear outline of the issues and different positions.

 

    In an opening statement Chairman Whitfield said: "With every gas price spike comes some very familiar calls from policymakers. Some argue for increased domestic drilling, some say we should release oil from the Strategic Petroleum

Reserve. Others lay the blame for high prices on Wall Street and the oil companies. Before we discuss the merits of these causes and solutions, let's start with the facts.

 

    "First, Iran has threatened to block the Strait of Hormuz – a narrow channel in the Middle East through which a third of the world's waterborne crude oil passes every single day. As a result, a geopolitical risk premium is being priced into every barrel of oil. Until the situation with Iran is resolved, and hopefully that is soon, we will see above-average oil and gasoline prices.

 

    "Second, in addition to geopolitical tensions and their effect on oil prices, fundamental supply and demand is creating an environment of high prices. There is large demand growth from China, India, the Middle East, and Brazil. At the same time, current supplies are not growing at rate that can keep up with surging demand from these economies. That is why countries like Brazil and China are moving forward with aggressive oil production plans at home and abroad.

 

    "Third, North America's oil market has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past five years. We are now producing over 500,000 barrels per day in North Dakota. In 2005, that number was below 100,000. In Texas, oil production has increased 50 percent in just four years. Like the natural gas revolution, North America is now experiencing its own oil boom. Oil production is surging in this country in no thanks to the Obama administration. All the new volumes coming online are happening on private- and state-owned lands. Production is declining at an alarming rate on federal lands and waters. There is a lot more that can be

done if the federal government would simply get out of the way. . .

 

    "The president has proclaimed we have only two percent of the world's proven oil reserves and we can't drill our way to energy security. But if you know what a proven oil reserve is, you would realize America's energy potential is nearly unlimited. A proven oil reserve is a figure that is obtained by an oil producer once they have fully explored and developed an oil field. Using the president's definition, the U.S. has 28.4 billion barrels of oil. That equates to two percent of the world's oil. But if you look at all the untapped resources, the U.S. holds trillions of barrels of oil. The Obama administration says we have only two percent of the world's oil because that's all they will let us have. . ."

 

    Full Committee Chairman Fred Upton (R-MI) said, "The administration's hostility towards domestic drilling has not changed, only his rhetoric has. The president now boasts that domestic drilling is up - but he neglects to mention that the increase is due to production on private and state-owned lands where federal regulators have little to no power to block drilling. Production actually declined on federal lands from 2010 to 2011, and the administration has offered up no policy changes that would reverse this disturbing trend. Some in Washington claim that producing more domestic oil won't make any difference in prices, but the American people know better. The American people also know better when it comes to the Keystone XL pipeline expansion project that would allow more Canadian oil to reach American market. . ."

 

    In response, Ranking Member Henry Waxman (D-CA) said, "Gasoline prices go up; politicians make false promises about how they will bring prices down; and nothing gets accomplished. We've seen it with the push to open our coastlines to more drilling. We've seen it with enactment of legislation to promote refineries in 2005. Still, prices rise. Now, the Republican mantra is that we need to "drill, baby, drill." This slogan may sound good, but it's based on a complete fiction. We are drilling more, but prices are still going up. U.S. crude oil production is the highest it's been in eight years, and the U.S. has more oil and gas drilling rigs operating right now than the rest of the world combined. Net oil imports as a share of our total consumption declined from 57% in 2008 to 45% in 2011 -- the lowest level since 1995.

 

    "We need to face reality. And the reality is that oil prices are determined on a global market. No matter how much we drill, our gasoline prices are going to rise if there's a crisis in the Middle East, labor unrest in Nigeria, or any of a host of other factors we can do little about. There's only one way we can protect ourselves from the impacts of rising oil prices: we need to reduce our dependence on oil. There are no short-term solutions. There is no silver bullet. We need to invest in clean energy to diversify and reduce our energy use. The President has taken important steps. He has acted to cut the emissions of cars and trucks, doubling the fuel efficiency of our fleet. As a result, our dependence on oil has declined.

 

    "But he needs our help. Oil companies are making record profits, yet they are still getting $4 billion in subsidies from taxpayers each year. We can't afford to take money from taxpayers struggling to pay their mortgages and fill up their tanks and hand it to oil companies making billions in profits. That is why we need to repeal the oil subsidies and use the money to develop sources of clean energy that reduce our dependence on oil. Today, we are going to hear a lot of the same old unsupported claims. . .

 

    "My staff contacted some of the nation's leading energy economists, and they told us that the so-called solutions we'll hear today from the oil industry will not reduce our gasoline prices. John Parsons is an economist at MIT and one of the nation's leading experts on oil markets. He told us the industry claims are 'not remotely plausible' because drilling more will have 'at best a miniscule impact' on gasoline prices. Oil industry expert Phil Verleger told us that announcing more production would have: 'no impact – ZERO on the current price.' He predicted that the people who buy or sell oil would simply ridicule these recommendations as a plan for reducing gasoline prices. . . We should start by facing facts, listening to experts, and crafting policies that will reduce our dependence on oil."

   

    The Rapidan Group testified, "A crucial step is to increase oil supply everywhere: In a tight market and especially when spare capacity is otherwise low, every extra barrel of supply on the margin counts and can help reduce future price volatility. If North America succeeds at increasing oil supply by some 6 mb/d or more, then it would free up more Middle East oil to go to Asia or remain in spare capacity to offset a disruption."

 

    The Truman Project testified, "A $10 increase in the price of a barrel of oil costs the Department of Defense an estimated $1.3 billion. . . Reliance on this single source of fuel is a security risk we can no longer tolerate. . . America sends over $1 billion per day overseas for oil. iv It should not be a surprise, then, that oil is the single largest contributor to our foreign debt, outpacing even our trade deficit with China. . . research concluded that for every $5 rise in the price of a barrel of crude oil, Putin's Russia receives more than $18 billion annually, Chavez's Venezuela an additional $4.9 billion annually, and Ahmadinejad's Iran an additional $7.9 billion annually. . . a simple request: lead us in building an alternative energy economy that can break our dependence on oil, ensure our future prosperity and security, and finally put Americans in control of our own energy future."

 

    American Petroleum Institute (API) testified, "Gasoline prices are climbing primarily because the cost of crude oil -- which accounts for 76 percent of the price at the pump -- also has been rising, pushed higher by global demand and Middle East tensions. These market forces are challenging, but America doesn't have to be held captive by them. We have choices. By increasing access to North American energy, we will help put downward pressure on fuel prices."

 

    Access the Republican Committee website for background, statements and testimony (click here).  Access the Democratic Committee website for a webcast, statements and testimony (click here). [#Energy, #energy #gas #POTUS #DEMS #GOP]

 

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Worldwide Progress On Drinking Water & Sanitation 2012

Mar 6: According to a report issued by UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) the world has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water, well in advance of the MDG 2015 deadline. A release indicates that between 1990 and 2010, over two billion people gained access to improved drinking water sources, such as piped supplies and protected wells.

 

    United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said, "Today we recognize a great achievement for the people of the world. This is one of the first MDG targets to be met. The successful efforts to provide greater access to drinking water are a testament to all who see the MDGs not as a dream, but as a vital tool for improving the lives of millions of the poorest people." UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake said, "For children this is especially good news. Every day more than 3,000 children die from diarrhoeal diseases. Achieving this target will go a long way to saving children's lives."

 

    The report, Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012, by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation, indicated that at the end of 2010, 89 per cent of the world's population, or 6.1 billion people, used improved drinking water sources. This is one per cent more than the 88 per cent MDG target. The report estimates that by 2015, 92 per cent of the global population will have access to improved drinking water.

 

    Lake warned that victory could not yet be declared as at least 11 per cent of the world's population -- 783 million people -- are still without access to safe drinking water, and billions without sanitation facilities. He said, "The numbers are still staggering. But the progress announced today is proof that MDG targets can be met with the will, the effort and the funds." The report highlights that the world is still far from meeting the part of the MDG target for sanitation, and is unlikely to do so by 2015. Only 63 per cent of the world now have improved sanitation access, a figure projected to increase only to 67 per cent by 2015, well below the 75 per cent aim in the MDGs. Currently 2.5 billion people still lack improved sanitation.

 

    Access a release from WHO/UNICEF (click here). Access the 2012 Update Report (click here). Access the JMP website (click here). [#Drink, #Water, #MDG, #WHO, #UNICEF, #JMP, #UN]

 

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Temporary Volt Suspension Shakes Up Electric Car Market

Mar 2: Despite U.S. auto sales accelerating to the fastest pace in four years and $4-$5 gasoline now a reality, General Motors announced a temporary Volt production suspension which will result in layoffs for 1,300 workers. The reason is an over supply and weak demand. According to a CBS news article and data from Edmunds.com, the company sold 7,671 Volts last year -- well short of its 10,000 target. And selling 1,626 in the first two months this year is far below the pace needed to hits its original 2012 sales goal of 45,000.

 

   An analysis by Edmunds seems to indicate that its simply a matter of price and economics. Edmunds points out that, "Even with gas prices rising and expected possibly to approach a national average $5 a gallon by summer, the Volt price level -- about $41,000 before a $7,500 federal tax credit -- remains a problem." Edmunds senior analyst Michelle Krebs points out that even at $5 a gallon, gas savings on the Volt (rated at the equivalent of 95 MPG in city driving and 93 on the highway) would take nine years to pay back the price differential over the similar-size Chevrolet Cruze. The Cruze is rated at 25 MPG city, 36 highway and has an average selling price of $19,656 according to Edmunds' data.

 

    Additionally, Volt sales stalled with news and Congressional investigations regarding Volt battery fires had broken out after the cars were crash tested. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration pronounced the Volt as safe as gasoline cars, but CBS indicates that "the issue clearly put off some shoppers." In January, GM CEO Dan Akerson explained: "We did not design the Volt to become a political punching bag and that's what it's become." Akerson was referring to the widely publicized January 25, House Oversight & Government Reform Committee, Chaired by Representative Darrell Issa (R-CA), Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, Stimulus Oversight and Government Spending, Chaired by Representative Jim Jordan (R-OH), hearing entitled, "Volt Vehicle Fire: What Did NHTSA Know and When Did They Know It?" [See WIMS 1/26/12]. 

 

    Oversight Chairman Issa released a statement on the GM announcement saying, "Even as gas prices continue to climb, President Obama's attempt to manipulate the free market and force consumers into purchasing electric vehicles like the GM Volt has failed despite the use of taxpayer dollars to prop up production. Now some 1,300 workers will pay the price for this misguided experiment. Domestic energy production remains underutilized because of President Obama's campaign to pursue 'green' energy and projects, and shift away from traditional energy sources. These decisions have hurt our economy and slowed our recovery."

 

    House Republicans have been critical of the auto company "bailout," the a federal tax credit of up to $7,500 per vehicle; and the Administration's emphasis on alternative energy vehicles. A Committee staff report indicated, "In the face of that political dependency, it is deeply troubling that public notification of the safety concerns related to the Volt was inexplicably delayed for six months – a period of time that also coincides with the negotiation over the 2017-2025 fuel economy standards. The necessity of a full explanation for NHTSA's silence concerning the Volt's safety risk has been compounded by its lack of cooperation with the Committee."

 

    NHTSA testified, ". . .we have concluded the agency's investigation and have found no discernible defect trend. The vehicle modifications recently developed by GM effectively address the issue of battery intrusion and they have included this modification as they manufacture new vehicles going forward. NHTSA continues to believe that electric vehicles show great promise as a safe and fuel-efficient option for American drivers."

 

    At that time, Akerson testified, "GM's Akerson testified, "We engineered the Volt to be among the safest vehicles on the road – earning an overall NHTSA 5 Stars for occupant safety and a Top Safety Pick from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. We engineered the Volt to be a technological wonder. . . In other words, we engineered the Volt to be the only current EV on the road that you can drive across town or across the country without fear of being stranded when the battery power is depleted. . ." He continued saying, "we will not change any part of the manufacturing process at our Brownstown, Michigan, battery pack assembly plant. We have tested the Volt's battery system for more than 285,000 hours, or 25 years, of operation. It's important to note, the battery cell design used in the Volt was not the cause of the incidents that prompted the investigation. . ."

 

    The CBS news article points out that, "The Volt's major competitor, the Nissan Leaf -- at $32,780 before the credit -- fares slightly better in this comparison with gas at $5 a gallon. The all-electric Leaf (the Volt has a back-up gasoline engine) would pay back the price differential over a Nissan Versa in five years, Krebs says. Leaf sold 9,674 in North America last year and 22,000 worldwide." Also, the 2012 Ford Focus Electric is the first five-passenger all-electric vehicle with a combined fuel efficiency rating of over 100 MPGe -- Just rated at rated at 110 miles per gallon equivalent (MPGe) in the city and 99 MPGe on the highway (105 MPGe combined). The Focus Electric has a base price of $39,995 before the $7,500 tax credit.

 

    The Pew Clean Energy Program's electric vehicle (EV) initiative which is working to identify and highlight state and local best practices that will help attract investment in clean transportation and promote smart EV policies said in a blog posting that its "clean energy economy research clearly demonstrates that policy matters: Where effective public policy exists, private investment and job growth will follow. Policies that lead to greater adoption of EVs can help drivers and businesses access low-cost domestic energy that is unaffected by the price volatility of the global petroleum market. By decreasing spending on foreign oil, consumers and businesses can choose to invest more money at home and help reduce the trade deficit. Domestic development and production of EV technologies also can ensure U.S. global leadership in a sector that will attract billions in private investment and create jobs."

 

    Access the CBS news article (click here). Access the Edmunds website for more information (click here). Access a release on U.S. record auto sales (click here). Access the statement from Rep. Issa and link to Committee background (click here). Access a Climate Progress posting and video on media and Republican criticisms of the Volt (click here). Access a DailyTech article on the Ford Focus Electric (click here). Access the Pew posting with links to related information (click here). Access the Republican hearing website for links to the testimony, staff report and video (click here). [#Transport/Electric, #Volt #EV #Energy #GOP]

 

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Parties Remain Far Apart On Energy Policy & Gas Prices

Mar 1: President Obama delivered another major energy speech at Nashua Community College and Nashua, New Hampshire. The speech was very similar to the one he delivered on February 23, at the University of Miami [See WIMS 2/24/12]. He reiterated, "You know that we can't just drill our way to lower gas prices. There are no quick fixes or silver bullets. If somebody tells you there are, they're not telling you the truth. 

    He said, ". . .we've got to have an all-of-the-above strategy that develops every single source of American energy.  Not just oil and gas, but also wind and solar and biofuels. We've got to keep developing the technology that allows us to use less oil in our cars and trucks, less oil in our buildings and our factories. And that's the strategy we've been pursuing for the last three years, and it's the only real solution to this challenge. . .

    "Since I took office, America's dependence on foreign oil has gone down every single year. Every single year. In fact, in 2010, it was under 50 percent for the first time in 13 years -- for the first time. . . one of the reasons our oil -- our dependence on foreign oil is down is because of policies put in place by our administration, but also our predecessor's administration. And whoever succeeds me is going to have to keep it up. This is not going to be solved by one party; it's not going to be solved by one administration; it's not going to be solved by slogans; it's not going to be solved by phony rhetoric. It's going to be solved by a sustained, all-of-the-above energy strategy. . .

    "So when you start hearing a bunch of folks saying somehow that there's some simple solution, you can turn a nozzle and suddenly we're going to be getting a lot more oil, that's not just how it works. Over the long term, the biggest reason oil prices will rise is because of growing demand in countries like China and India and Brazil. Just think about this. In five years, the number of cars on the road in China more than tripled. Over the last five years, the number of cars tripled. Nearly 10 million cars were added in China alone in 2010 -- 10 million cars just in one country in one year. So that's using up a lot of oil. And those numbers are only going to get bigger over time. As places like China and India get wealthier, they're going to want to buy cars like we do, and they're going to want to fill them up like we do, and that's going to drive up demand. . .

    "We have to keep developing new technology that helps us use less energy. . . Because of the investments we've made, the use of clean, renewable energy in this country has nearly doubled -- and thousands of Americans have jobs because of it. We're taking every possible action to develop a near 100-year supply of natural gas, which releases fewer carbons. Now that's something that experts believe will support more than 600,000 jobs by the end of the decade. Our cooperation with the private sector has positioned this country to be the world's leading manufacturer of high-tech batteries that will power the next generation of American cars. . .

    "But over the long term, an all-of-the-above strategy requires the right incentives.  And here's one of the best examples.  Right now, $4 billion of your tax dollars -- $4 billion -- subsidizes the oil industry every year. . . Now, these companies are making record profits right now -- tens of billions of dollars a year. . . It's outrageous. It's inexcusable. And I am asking Congress -- eliminate this oil industry giveaway right away. I want them to vote on this in the next few weeks.  (Applause.)  Let's put every single member of Congress on record:  You can stand with the oil companies, or you can stand up for the American people. . .

    "With or without this Congress, I'm going to continue to do whatever I can to develop every source of American energy -- to make sure that three years from now our dependence on foreign oil is even lower, to make sure that our future is not controlled by events on the other side of the world. . . The easiest thing in the world is to make phony election-year promises about lowering gas prices. But what's harder is to make a serious, sustained commitment to tackle a problem that we've been talking about for 30 years and has not been tackled, has not been solved. . ."

    The American Petroleum Institute (API) President and CEO Jack Gerard responded to the president's call for a vote to "raise taxes on the oil and natural gas industry." He said, "It is factually wrong for the president to say that the industry receives 'subsidies.' A subsidy is a direct payment of money to a person or business by American taxpayers. The president has it backwards, our industry pays the government nearly 90 million dollars a day -- the biggest contributor of government revenue than any other industry in the United States." API release a detailed explanation why oil and gas tax treatments are not unique or "subsidies." API indicates that, "Contrary to what some in politics and the media have said, the oil and natural gas industry currently enjoys no unique tax credits or deductions. Since its inception, the US tax code has allowed corporate tax payers the ability to recover costs and to be taxed only on net income. These cost recovery mechanisms, also known in policy circles as 'tax expenditures', should in no way be confused with 'subsidies', i.e., direct government spending."

    In a Senate Floor speech the day before, Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) said, "This President continues to limit offshore areas to energy production and is granting fewer leases on public land for oil drilling. At the same time, he has encouraged other countries, like Brazil, to move forward with their own offshore drilling projects. The Obama administration continues to impose burdensome regulations on the domestic energy sector that will further drive up the cost of gasoline for the consumer. He's proposed raising taxes on the energy sector, a move that the Congressional Research Service has said would drive up costs.

    "And, as we all know, he flatly rejected the Keystone XL Pipeline -- a potentially game-changing domestic energy project that promises not only greater independence from Middle Eastern oil, but tens of thousands of private sector jobs. All these policies help drive up the cost of gasoline and increase our dependence on foreign sources of oil. But perhaps none is as emblematic of the President's simplistic and punitive approach to energy policy as the last one. The President simply can't claim to support comprehensive approach to energy while at the same time standing in the way of the Keystone Pipeline. It's one or the other. Americans know that.

    "And that's why many of us were pleased when the company that's responsible for building Keystone said it plans to move forward with the southern portion of the pipeline, despite the administration's decision to block the northern portion, to alleviate a bottleneck in Cushing, Oklahoma. They're just not going to let this administration punish them or the rest of those who want to build this pipeline. Asked about the impact of delays, the company's President and CEO said they were partly to blame for the recent spike in gas prices, which is presumably why the White House came out in support of the move. But the hypocrisy here is stunning. . ."

    Karen Harbert, president and CEO of the U.S. Chamber's Institute for 21st Century Energy, issued a statement responding to comments from Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) that he would bring up legislation to address oil company tax treatment and subsidies in the near future [See WIMS 2/22/12]. She said, "It is time for responsible rhetoric from lawmakers and the president on oil and gas taxes. Raising taxes on oil and gas is good news for America's foreign competitors and bad news for America's families and businesses.

    "According to a Wood McKenzie study, tax increases of the magnitude proposed by the president will cost America 170,000 jobs and result in a 14% decrease in energy production. This should be no surprise, because our nation saw a sharp increase in imports and a downturn in our economy when Congress imposed a similar scheme in 1980. It is irresponsible to punitively single out the oil and gas industry. Punishing energy producers will do nothing to lower gas prices nor is it a substitute for a real energy policy. The administration and Congress would be much better served spending time on actual solutions to our energy problems, such as making some of the 95% of onshore and offshore lands that are currently blocked for exploration available for energy production and building the Keystone XL pipeline."

    Access the full text of the President's speech (click here). Access a release from API and link to the 2-page detail on oil and gas tax treatments (click here). Access the Floor speech of Senator McConnell (click here). Access the statement from the U.S. Chamber and link to the McKenzie study (click here). [#Energy]

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Senator Bingaman's "Clean" Energy Standard Act of 2012

Mar 1: Senate Energy & Natural Resources (ENR) Committee, Chairman Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) introduced legislation which he indicated would modernize the nation's power sector and guide it toward a future in which more and more electricity is generated with cleaner and cleaner energy. In a release, Senator Bingaman indicated that the Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012, or CES, "employs a straightforward, market-based approach that encourages a wide variety of electricity-generating technologies. It sets a national goal for clean energy and establishes a transparent framework that lets resources compete based on how clean they are, then gets out of the way and lets the market and American ingenuity determine the best paths forward."

    Bingaman said that the CES seeks to make sure that "as we continue to grow and power our economy, we leverage the clean resources we have available today, and also provide a continuing incentive to develop the cheaper, cleaner technologies that we'll need in the future. We want to make sure that we drive continued diversity in our energy sources, and allow every region to deploy clean energy using its own resources. And we want to make sure that we do all of this in a way that supports home-grown innovation and manufacturing and keeps us competitive in the global clean energy economy."

    He said his design for the CES draws on extensive Energy Information Administration (EIA) modeling done at his request last year, and EIA's results showed that a properly designed CES would have almost zero impact on GDP growth, and little to no impact on national electricity rates for the first decade of the program. Under the plan, all generators of clean energy are given credits based upon their carbon emissions; greater numbers of credits are given to generators with lower emissions per unit of electricity. This flexible framework naturally allows a wide variety of sources (solar, wind, nuclear, natural gas, coal with carbon capture and storage, etc.) to be used to meet the standard, allows market forces to determine what the optimal mix of technologies and fuels should be, and makes it easy for new technologies to be incorporated.

    To be considered "clean," a generator must either be a zero-carbon source of energy, like renewables and nuclear power, or have a lower carbon intensity than "a modern, efficient coal plant." Carbon intensity is defined as the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity generated. Accounting for "clean" this way means that the cleanest resources have the greatest incentive, and also that every generator has a continuing incentive to become even more efficient.

    Senator Bingaman indicated that in addition to driving cleaner electricity generation in the power sector, the CES also rewards industrial efficiency. Combined heat and power (CHP) units generate electricity while also capturing and using the heat for other purposes. These units are treated as clean generators under the CES. This will help deploy this kind of efficiency and provide another source of inexpensive clean energy. CES requires is that the generation used (and added to the fleet) gradually becomes cleaner over time. He said it is also important to point out what the CES does not do:

• It does not put a limit on overall emissions.
• It does not limit the growth of electricity generation to meet the demands of a growing economy.
• It does not cost the government anything, and it doesn't raise money for the government, either.  If any money does happen to come into the Treasury as a result of the program, it goes straight back to the particular state from which it came, to fund energy efficiency programs.

    Senator Bingaman said, "The goal of the CES is ambitious -- a doubling of clean energy by 2035. But analysis has shown that the goal is also achievable and affordable. Meeting the CES will yield substantial benefits to our health, our economy, our global competitiveness and our economy." Additional Senators co-sponsoring the bill include: Wyden (D-OR); Sanders (I-VT); Mark Udall (D-CO); Franken (D-MN); Coons (D-DE); Kerry (D-MA); Whitehouse (D-RI) and Tom Udall (D-NM).

    Access a release from Senator Bingaman (click here). Access the full text of the Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 (click here). Access the CES Two-Page Summary (click here). Access the CES Section-by-Section Summary (click here). Access the Twitter conversation on this bill (click here). [#Energy/CES]

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U.S. Named Global Leader In Renewable Energy Investment

Feb 28: According to Ernst & Young's latest quarterly Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index (CAI), In 2011, American renewable energy investment in solar and wind technologies dominated the global market, propelling the United States past China into the leadership position. The company also issued a new forward-looking report -- United States Renewable Attractiveness Indices -- that benchmarks the U.S. state investments that were the driving force behind the shift, offering insight into the nation's diverse renewable energy markets, energy infrastructures and their suitability for individual technologies. Most notably, the report highlights that, despite uncertain macroeconomic conditions, renewable energy -- particularly in states like Massachusetts, Colorado, Texas and California -- is positioned very favorably to benefit from future investments.

 

    On the global scale, Ernst & Young indicates that while 2011 saw record levels of new investment into clean energy, especially solar technologies, the outlook for 2012 is far less certain. The renewables sector will continue to prosper in 2012 in the emerging markets, thanks to ambitious installation programs securing investments, while more established markets will face increasing financial constraints, especially within the Eurozone. The company explains that the sovereign debt crisis continues to stifle renewable energy investment in the Eurozone, along with Governments scaling back their ambitions for the sector. Simultaneously capital scarcity and increased competition from Asia will continue to put pressure on developed markets for the foreseeable future. This will lead to almost inevitable consolidation of the wind and solar sectors and increased vertical integration, as equipment manufacturers seek ever more innovative routes to market.

 

    Regarding the COP17 agreement in Durban to sign up to an unspecified legally binding treaty by 2020, Earnst & Young indicated the agreement "was welcome but weak." They said, "It did not remove carbon and climate change wholly from the agenda, but it hardly provided an imperative to invest. The subsequent withdrawal of Canada, Japan and Russia from the Kyoto Protocol, fresh after the home planes had landed, foretells the difficulties to come. The 2015 to 2020 negotiations will thus take place at a time when a material increase in global emissions by the new growth economies is likely to have outstripped any reductions in the West, even after any impacts from a recession. Higher rises in global temperatures than the two to three degrees currently contemplated may by then be on the cards -- if emerging scientific consensus is accepted."

    On the U.S. front, Earnst & Young indicate, "While California's dominance of the All Renewables Index was anticipated, the top five rankings of states like Colorado, Massachusetts and Texas demonstrate a commitment to growing energy infrastructures across the nation. For instance, New Mexico and Colorado came in second and third respectively in the 'All Renewable Index' because of consistent growth and strong potential across all renewable energy technologies. Massachusetts and Texas tied for fifth with a strong draw for solar and wind investment respectively."

    Michael Bernier, Senior Manager, National Tax, Ernst & Young LLP said, "The State Attractiveness Indices data enables us to look at specific states and regions and understand what they are doing with renewable energy development and infrastructure on a microscopic level. It enables us to fine-tune the discussion about the overall U.S. market. Moreover, this report uncovers the new national leaders in energy infrastructure. Massachusetts, for example, is a top-five solar market due to a multitude of state-level initiatives, even though it is not the sunniest market. Like Colorado, Massachusetts is building up its research and development in addition to its manufacturing facilities. These factors make renewable energy development in these states possible and further investment probable."

    In addition to providing a baseline for future reports which will be released semiannually, the United States Renewable Attractiveness Indices looks at issues that will enhance or impair further development in the renewable energy markets, such as incentives like the Production Tax Credit, wind power's key incentive. The continuance of this tax credit would have a significant impact on what has become a thriving domestic manufacturing sector.

    Access a release from Ernst & Young (click here). Access the global report (click here). Access the U.S. report (click here). [#Energy/Renewable]

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Keystone XL Proceeds With White House Encouragement

Feb 27: TransCanada Corporation announced it has sent a letter to the U.S. Department of State (DOS) informing the Department the company plans to file a Presidential Permit application (cross border permit) in the near future for the Keystone XL Project from the U.S./Canada border in Montana to Steele City, Nebraska. TransCanada said it would supplement that application with an alternative route in Nebraska as soon as that route is selected. The company also informed the DOS that what had been the Cushing [Oklahoma] to U.S. Gulf Coast portion of the Keystone XL Project has its own independent value to the marketplace and will be constructed as a stand-alone Gulf Coast Project, not part of the Presidential Permit process. The approximate cost is US$2.3 billion and subject to regulatory approvals. The company said it anticipates the Gulf Coast Project to be in service in mid to late 2013.

 

    As WIMS has reported previously, despite the recent disapproval of the Presidential permit, talks of alternative pipelines and oil being sold to China, TransCanada Corporation, in its Annual Report to Shareholders Disclosure documents, is projecting the "in-service date" of the Keystone XL pipeline by early 2015. The company indicated that, "while disappointed, [it] remains fully committed to the construction of Keystone XL. Plans are already underway on a number of fronts to largely maintain the construction schedule of the project. TransCanada said it would re-apply for a Presidential Permit (which it is now doing) and expects a new application to be processed in an expedited manner to allow for an in-service date of early 2015." [See WIMS 2/16/12].

    In a lengthy release on the companies plans, Russ Girling, TransCanada's president and chief executive officer said, ""Our application will include the already reviewed route in Montana and South Dakota. The over three year environmental review for Keystone XL completed last summer was the most comprehensive process ever for a cross border pipeline.  Based on that work, we would expect our cross border permit should be processed expeditiously and a decision made once a new route in Nebraska is determined."

    TransCanada said it will continue to work collaboratively with the State of Nebraska on determining an alternative route for Keystone XL that avoids the environmentally sensitive Sandhills area.  TransCanada has been working on assessing the routing in Nebraska since November 2011, following the State Department's notice to delay a decision on a Presidential Permit until an adjusted route that avoids the Sandhills was developed.

    The company said that U.S. crude oil production has been growing significantly in States such as Oklahoma, Texas, North Dakota and Montana.  Producers do not have access to enough pipeline capacity to move this production to the large refining market at the U.S. Gulf Coast.  The Gulf Coast Project will address this constraint. Girling said,  "The Gulf Coast Project will transport growing supplies of U.S. crude oil to meet refinery demand in Texas. Gulf Coast refineries can then access lower cost domestic production and avoid paying a premium to foreign oil producers.  This would reduce the United States' dependence on foreign crude and allow Americans to use more of the crude oil produced in their own country."

    The company noted that reapplying for the Keystone XL permit is supported by words used in President Obama's statement January 18, 2012 when he said the denial of the permit was not based on the merits of the pipeline but rather on an imposed 60-day legislative timeline to make a decision on the project [See WIMS 1/23/12]. With respect to moving forward on an initiative like the Gulf Coast Project, President Obama stated:  "In the months ahead, we will continue to look for new ways to partner with the oil and gas industry to increase our energy security - including the potential development of an oil pipeline from Cushing, Oklahoma to the Gulf of Mexico."

    TransCanada said its  commitment is to treat landowners with honesty, fairness and respect.  The company said it has already negotiated over 99 per cent of voluntarily easements in Texas and close to 100 per cent in Oklahoma.  Easements make up the route of a pipeline and are similar to an easement for water, sewer and utility lines.  Residents maintain ownership of the land and landowners receive a payment equal to or greater than the land's market value. 

    The company said the Keystone XL remains in the national interest of the United States as it would allow Americans to move closer toward achieving energy security and create thousands of much needed jobs.  Building the Gulf Coast Project would be a positive step in creating approximately 4,000 jobs.  Also, the company notes that the U.S. manufacturing sector would continue to experience the economic benefits of the project, as the company has contracts with over 50 suppliers in various states including: Texas, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Indiana, Georgia, Maryland, New York, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Ohio, Arkansas, Kansas and California.  And, there are hundreds of additional suppliers sub-contracted through our suppliers for our material and equipment.

    The White House issued a statement on the TransCanada announcement saying, "The President welcomes today's news that TransCanada plans to build a pipeline to bring crude oil from Cushing, Oklahoma, to the Gulf of Mexico. As the President made clear in January, we support the company's interest in proceeding with this project, which will help address the bottleneck of oil in Cushing that has resulted in large part from increased domestic oil production, currently at an eight year high. Moving oil from the Midwest to the world-class, state-of-the-art refineries on the Gulf Coast will modernize our infrastructure, create jobs, and encourage American energy production. We look forward to working with TransCanada to ensure that it is built in a safe, responsible and timely manner, and we commit to take every step possible to expedite the necessary Federal permits.

    "Separately, TransCanada gave the State Department advance notice of its intention to submit a new application for the cross-border segment of the Keystone XL pipeline, from Canada to Steele City, Nebraska, once a route through Nebraska has been identified. House Republicans forced a rejection of the company's earlier application in January, by not allowing sufficient time for important review or even the identification of a complete pipeline route. But as we made clear, the President's decision in January in no way prejudged future applications. We will ensure any project receives the important assessment it deserves, and will base a decision to provide a permit on the completion of that review."

    At a White House press briefing later in the day, a reporter asked why the Administration was "so supportive of a pipeline that goes from Oklahoma to the Gulf of Mexico. . ." Press Secretary Jay Carney responded:

"Well, I'll make a couple of points.  One, it's a global oil market.  Two, we made clear back in January, in the President's statement, that the pipeline from Cushing to the Gulf could potentially be important precisely because there are bottlenecks in Cushing right now that prevent what is essentially a glut of domestically produced oil from getting to market, getting to refineries and getting to market.  That glut exists in part because of the increase in oil production domestically in this country over the last eight years.  We are at an eight-year high, as you know. 

"And it highlights a little known fact -- certainly you wouldn't hear it from some of our critics -- that we approved -- pipelines are approved and built in this country all the time.  And this one is important because of the reasons I just mentioned -- the bottleneck that exists, the glut of oil that exists, and we need to get that oil to the state-of-the-art refineries in the Gulf and get it to market.  And that's an important process.  And we'll make sure that any federal permitting that is involved in the Cushing pipeline will be acted on very quickly.

"Everything will be done by the book and by the -- as it always is.  Again, it's important, because a lot of these issues get confused in the political debate -- the reason why Keystone XL required the review that it did is because it crossed -- that pipeline crossed an international boundary.  And the State Department, by tradition and rule, reviews those requests for permits and was in the process of doing just that when the Republicans forced it to -- forced us to deny it because they tried to compel the administration to grant a permit to a pipeline, the route for which didn't even exist, which was obviously not the right thing to do.

"And as I think the statement also went on to say, that TransCanada indicated that it would -- had plans to, anyway, to resubmit a new proposal, a new pipeline route, and that will certainly be reviewed by the book, without prejudice, because the decision the President made earlier had nothing to do with the merits of a pipeline proposal, it was simply that because of the decision by Republicans to play politics with this, forced him -- forced the administration to deny the permit request because there wasn't even a pipeline route identified."

    Senator James Inhofe (R-OK), Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW) said he welcomed the announcement by TransCanada. He said he was asking EPW Chairman Barbara Boxer (D-CA) to hold a field hearing in Cushing, Oklahoma to address the permitting process. He said, "The largest obstacles standing in the way of this pipeline from Cushing to the Gulf are Army Corps of Engineers permits under the Clean Water Act and potential consultations by the US Fish and Wildlife Service."

    House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Fred Upton (R-MI) issued a release saying,  "I am pleased to see TransCanada is moving forward, but remain deeply disappointed that construction of the full pipeline has not been approved after more than three years of stringent environmental review. Since President Obama has proved unwilling to make a decision on the permit for this project, we have passed legislation to take that decision out of his hands. The House has now voted three times to end the president's delay, and we will continue to fight to see that the permit is approved and the pipeline is built."

    Noah Greenwald, endangered species program director with the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) issued a release indicating that there has been no analysis of how the pipeline from Cushing to the Gulf Coast in Texas will affect wetlands or imperiled species in the region, including the whooping crane, interior least tern, Arkansas shiner and piping plover. He said, "Government engineers have already said that Keystone XL will leak oil, so building a pipeline through endangered species habitat will put those species directly in harm's way.

    "The Obama administration today vowed to take every step possible to expedite the necessary federal permits. This isn't the time to be cutting corners on protecting our wildlife and environment. The Obama administration should be willing to take a hard look at this project and make sure it follows laws that protect clean water, wetlands and endangered species. The American people have spoken clearly against this project. Segmenting the project and building it in sections does nothing to reduce the tremendous damage that would be caused by this pipeline and further tar sands development."

    Access the TransCanada release (click here). Access the White House statement (click here). Access the White House press briefing transcript (click here). Access a release from Senator Inhofe (click here). Access a release from Rep. Upton (click here). Access a release from CBD (click here). Access the TransCanada Keystone XL project website for additional information (click here). Access complete details and background from the DOS Keystone XL Pipeline Project website (click here). [#Energy/Pipeline, #Energy/KXL, #Energy/OilSands, #Energy/TarSands]

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EPA Proposes Step 3 For The GHG Tailoring Rule

Feb 27: U.S. EPA said it is proposing not to change the greenhouse gas (GHG) permitting thresholds for the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Title V Operating Permit programs. The said its proposal is part of a "common-sense, phased-in approach to GHG permitting under the Clean Air Act." EPA is also proposing steps which it said would streamline the permitting process for large emitters already covered by the Agency's program, including sources that account for nearly 70 percent of the total GHG pollution from stationary sources. EPA will accept comments on this proposal for 45 days after it is published in the Federal Register and a public hearing will be held on March 20, 2012, in Arlington, VA.

    EPA's said the proposal is consistent with its phased-in approach, announced in 2010, to "tailor" the requirements of the Clean Air Act to ensure that industrial facilities and state governments have the tools they need to minimize GHG emissions and that only the largest emitters need permits. After consultation with states and evaluating the process, EPA said it believes that the current approach is working well, and that state permitting authorities are currently managing PSD permitting requests. Therefore, EPA has proposed not to include additional, smaller sources in the permitting program at this time.

    EPA indicated in a release that the GHG permitting program follows the same Clean Air Act process that states and industry have followed for decades to help ensure that new or modified facilities are meeting requirements to protect air quality and public health from harmful pollutants. As of December 1, 2011, EPA and state permitting authorities have issued 18 PSD permits addressing GHG emissions. These permits have required new facilities, and existing facilities that have chosen to make major modifications, to implement energy efficiency measures to reduce their GHG emissions.

    EPA said the GHG Tailoring Rule would continue to address a group of six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The PSD permitting program protects air quality and allows economic growth by requiring facilities that trigger PSD to limit GHG emissions in a cost effective way. An operating permit lists all of a facility's Clean Air Act emissions control requirements and ensures adequate monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting. The operating permit program allows an opportunity for public involvement and to improve compliance.

    Under the approach maintained in the proposal, new facilities with GHG emissions of at least 100,000 tons per year (tpy) carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) continue to be required to obtain PSD permits. Existing facilities that emit 100,000 tpy of CO2e and make changes increasing the GHG emissions by at least 75,000 tpy CO2e, must also obtain PSD permits. Facilities that must obtain a PSD permit, to include other regulated pollutants, must also address GHG emission increases of 75,000 tpy or more of CO2e. New and existing sources with GHG emissions above 100,000 tpy CO2e must also obtain operating permits. 

 

    EPA proposals for streamlining the GHG permitting process includes two approaches:

• The first would increase flexibilities and improve the usefulness of plantwide applicability limitations (PALs) for GHGs. A PAL is an emissions limit applied sourcewide rather than to specific emissions points. With a PAL, a source can make changes to the facility without triggering PSD permitting requirements as long as emissions do not increase above the limit established by the PAL. This would allow companies to respond rapidly to changing market conditions while protecting the environment.
• The second approach would create the regulatory authority for EPA to issue synthetic minor permits for GHGs where EPA is the PSD permitting authority. A GHG source could agree to an enforceable GHG emissions limit set below a level that would trigger PSD permitting requirements. The process for obtaining a synthetic minor permit is generally less complicated than the PSD permitting process for a major source. This action would give facilities a mechanism to keep themselves out of major source permitting requirements for GHG as long as the source minimizes its GHG emissions.

    Access a release from EPA (click here). Access a fact sheet on the proposed rule (click here). Access the 127-page prepublication copy of the proposed rule (click here). [#Climate, #Air]

 

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