The report outlines how the EPA has used what is known as conditional registration -- which Congress intended to be used sparingly -- to grant approval for the majority of pesticides. It also reveals that the EPA cannot easily track the history of conditionally approved pesticides to determine whether required toxicity data was submitted, whether that caused a dangerous use of a pesticide to be cancelled, or whether the uses or restrictions should be modified based in such data. The NRDC report follows an announcement on March 21, of a lawsuit filed by beekeepers, as well as Beyond Pesticides, Center for Food Safety, Pesticide Action Network North America, Sierra Club, and the Center for Environmental Health that challenges EPA's ongoing handling of pesticides as well as the agency's practice of "conditional registration" and labeling deficiencies [See WIMS 3/22/13].
Jennifer Sass, NRDC senior health scientist and co-author of the report said, "The American public may think all pesticides receive rigorous health and safety testing before they hit the shelves for sale. But our investigation shows their trust is misplaced. The EPA has casually approved more than 10,000 pesticides for use in consumer products and in agriculture through this loophole. They've done so without transparency or public comment, and, in some cases, without toxicity tests to determine safety guidelines for public use." Co-author Mae Wu, NRDC attorney said, "For the sake of our health, the EPA should cancel conditional pesticide registrations with overdue toxicity tests and those that pose a risk to the public. And EPA needs to clean up its abysmal pesticide database to provide more transparency and accountability, and safeguards for public health."
NRDC's report, which outlines the EPA's pesticide approval process, highlights two case studies on conditionally approved pesticides. The first one, nanosilver -- which may damage cells in the brain, liver and other organs, and pass from mother to fetus --is widely used as an antimicrobial agent in clothing. The second one, clothianidin -- which is in a family of pesticides connected to widespread deaths of bees in the United States and beyond -- was approved based on a flawed bee field test. Both remain on the market today.
In 1972, Congress amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to impose more stringent testing requirements to register pesticides. Registrants subsequently struggled to meet the new data requirements by the law's deadlines. To address this problem, in 1978 Congress created the conditional registration procedure. Congress intended for the EPA to use its conditional registration process only under certain circumstances to allow some pesticides onto the market to serve the public interest, or while required data is produced and submitted. But NRDC examined the pesticide registry database and determined the EPA has abused this authority to send onto the marketplace the majority of pesticides.
NRDC determined that the EPA is not tracking conditional registrations to assess whether toxicity or other required health or environmental impact data is submitted. Nor does the Agency track what submitted data shows regarding a pesticide's potential for harm, or what, if any, changes were made in their recommended use. In fact, conditional registrations can last for as many as 15 years with no trigger to force the EPA to assess their status. Based on those findings, NRDC is calling on EPA to take six corrective actions:
- Review all previously conditional registrations to ensure they comply with the law.
- Immediately cancel pesticide registrations with overdue studies or those that pose a risk to the public, including nanosilver and clothianidin.
- Properly track conditional registrations to provide transparency for the public.
- Establish a public comment process for conditional pesticide registrations.
- Make all submitted data accessible to public review.
- Return to Congressional intent and grant conditional pesticide registrations only in rare cases.
NRDC said that taking these steps would close the wide loophole that exists today that allows pesticide manufacturers to get many products onto the market before they are thoroughly assessed, and would restore integrity to the government's duty to provide proper oversight of pesticides.
On March 21, one year after groups formally petitioned the U.S. EPA, four beekeepers and five environmental and consumer groups filed the lawsuit mentioned above in Federal District Court against the Agency for its failure to protect pollinators from dangerous pesticides. The coalition, represented by attorneys for the Center for Food Safety (CFS), seeks the suspension of the registrations of insecticides that have repeatedly been identified as highly toxic to honey bees, clear causes of major bee kills and significant contributors to the devastating ongoing mortality of bees known as colony collapse disorder (CCD) [See WIMS 4/4/07]. The pesticides involved -- clothianidin and thiamethoxam -- are "neonicotinoids," a newer class of systemic insecticides that are absorbed by plants and transported throughout the plant's vascular tissue, making the plant potentially toxic to insects.
Access a release from NRDC and link to an OnEarth Magazine article on the report and a blog posting on the issue (click here). Access an overview and link to the 6-page NRDC Issue Brief (click here). [#Toxics]
