153 Days & $9.5 Billion Later; BP Well Is Sealed

Sep 19: BP confirmed that well "bottom kill" operations on the MC252 well in the Gulf of Mexico were complete, with both the casing and annulus of the well sealed by cement. The MC252 well has been shut-in since July 15 and cementing operations in August, following the static kill ("top kill"), provided an effective cement plug in the well's casing. The relief well drilled by the DDIII drilling rig intercepted the annulus of the MC252 well on September 15, followed by pumping of cement into the annulus on September 17. BP, the Federal government scientific team and the National Incident Commander (NIC) have now concluded that these operations have also successfully sealed the annulus of the MC252 well. While it was leaking the well is estimated to have spewed some 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico.

 

    President Obama issued a statement on September 19, saying, "Today, we achieved an important milestone in our response to the BP oil spill -- the final termination of the damaged well that sat deep under the Gulf of Mexico. I commend Admiral Thad Allen, Secretaries Salazar, Chu, Napolitano, Administrators Jackson and Lubchenco, Carol Browner, the federal science and engineering teams, and the thousands of men and women who worked around the clock to respond to this crisis and ultimately complete this challenging but critical step to ensure that the well has stopped leaking forever. However, while we have seen a diminished need for our massive response that encompassed more than 40,000 people, 7,000 vessels and the coordination of dozens of federal, state and local agencies and other partners, we also remain committed to doing everything possible to make sure the Gulf Coast recovers fully from this disaster. This road will not be easy, but we will continue to work closely with the people of the Gulf to rebuild their livelihoods and restore the environment that supports them. My administration will see our communities, our businesses and our fragile ecosystems through this difficult time."

 

    NIC Thad Allen issued a statement saying, "After months of extensive operations planning and execution under the direction and authority of the U.S. government science and engineering teams, BP has successfully completed the relief well by intersecting and cementing the well nearly 18,000 feet below the surface. With this development, which has been confirmed by the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, we can finally announce that the Macondo 252 well is effectively dead.   Additional regulatory steps will be undertaken but we can now state, definitively, that the Macondo well poses no continuing threat to the Gulf of Mexico.  From the beginning, this response has been driven by the best science and engineering available.  We insisted that BP develop robust redundancy measures to ensure that each step was part of a deliberate plan, driven by science, minimizing risk to ensure we did not inflict additional harm in our efforts to kill the well. I commend the response personnel, both from the government and private sectors, for seeing this vital procedure through to the end.  And although the well is now dead, we remain committed to continue aggressive efforts to clean up any additional oil we may see going forward."

 

    BP America Chairman and President Lamar McKay on completion of the MC252 Relief Well in the Gulf of Mexico issued a statement saying, "Today's completion of relief well operations on the Macondo well is a significant technological accomplishment and another important milestone in our continued efforts to restore the Gulf Coast. Our work is not finished, however. BP remains committed to remedying the harm that the spill caused to the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf Coast environment, and to the livelihoods of the people across the region. BP will continue sharing what we have learned in an effort to prevent a tragedy like this from ever being repeated. We also believe that the industry will gain important insights on how to be better prepared to respond to any future incidents."

    Tony Hayward, BP group chief executive said, "This is a significant milestone in the response to the Deepwater Horizon tragedy and is the final step in a complex and unprecedented subsea operation -- finally confirming that this well no longer presents a threat to the Gulf of Mexico. However, there is still more to be done. BP's commitment to complete our work and restore the damage done to the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf coast and the livelihoods of the people across the region remains unchanged."

    BP said it will now proceed to complete the abandonment of the MC252 well, which includes removing portions of the casing and setting cement plugs. A similar plugging and abandonment of both relief wells will occur as well. BP will also now begin the process of dismantling and recovering containment equipment and decontaminating vessels that were in position at the wellsite. BP said that approximately 25,200 personnel, more than 2,600 vessels and dozens of aircraft remain engaged in the Gulf response effort. The company indicated that no volumes of oily liquid have been recovered from the surface of the Gulf of Mexico since July 21 and the last controlled burn operation occurred on July 20. BP, as part of Unified Command, continues to conduct overflights and other reconnaissance to search for oil on the surface. At peak, approximately 3.5 million feet of containment boom was deployed in response to the oil spill. Currently 670,000 feet of containment boom remains deployed.

 

    On August 23 processing of claims from individuals and businesses related to the Deepwater Horizon incident transferred to the Gulf Coast Claims Facility (GCCF). To date, over 68,000 claims have been submitted to the GCCF, with over 19,000 claims totaling over $240 million being paid, including a $34.5 million fund for real estate brokers and agents. Prior to the transfer to the GCCF, BP had made 127,000 claims payments, totaling approximately $399 million.

    BP said the cost of the response to September 17 amounts to approximately $9.5 billion, including the cost of the spill response, containment, relief well drilling, static kill and cementing, grants to the Gulf states, claims paid and Federal costs. On June 16, BP announced an agreed package of measures, including the creation of a $20 billion escrow account to satisfy certain obligations arising from the oil and gas spill.

 

    The Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEM) and Department of Energy (DOE) reported on the next steps and said; Oversight of the well now transitions from the National Incident Command to BOEM under a process laid out in the National Response Framework; DOI and BOEM will oversee the continuing decommissioning of the Macondo well and its associated relief wells; The relief wells will be plugged and decommissioned accorded to the regulatory guidelines that require the setting of multiple cement plugs and testing of plugs; and Before proceeding with the decommissioning of the relief wells, BP will be required to submit to BOEM an Application for Permit to Modify (APM) for approval that outlines its procedures to permanently plug the relief well.  

 

    Access a statement from President Obama (click here). Access a statement and further details from Thad Allen (click here). Access a release from BP on the closing including a statement from Tony Hayward (click here). Access the statement from BP's McKay (click here). Access a release from DOE and DOI (click here). Access more information on BP activities from the BP response website (click here). Access the Restore the Gulf website for more information (click here).

Day 149 BP Oil Spill: Relief Well Intercept; Bottom Kill Underway

Sep 17: At about 10 PM, last evening (September 16)National Incident Commander for the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster, Admiral Thad Allen issued a brief statement on the relief well intercept operation designed to initiative the "bottom kill" of the well. Allen said, "I have received extensive briefings over the last 24 hours regarding the final effort to intercept the Macondo well. Through a combination of sensors embedded in the drilling equipment and sophisticated instrumentation that is capable of sensing distance to the well casing, BP engineers and the federal science team have concluded that the Development Driller III relief well has intersected the Macondo well. 

 

    "This determination was made based on a loss of drilling fluids that indicated communication had been established beyond the relief well, the pressure exerted against the drill bit as it came in contact with the well casing and, finally, an increase in pressure in the choke line of the Macondo well blow out preventer. While each of these indicators taken separately would not necessarily be conclusive, the aggregate data available supports the conclusion that the two wells are joined. It is also important to note that none of the measurements supported a scenario where the annulus of the well is in communication with the reservoir. Accordingly, we intend to proceed with preparation to cement the annulus and complete the bottom kill of the well. Further information will be provided as cementing procedures are completed." Estimates are that the well will be completely sealed this weekend.

 

    Since the BP oil spill response began, the administration reports that it has worked to hold the responsible parties accountable for repairing the damage, and repaying Americans who have suffered a financial loss -- first by directing BP to improve its claims process and then by establishing the Gulf Coast Claims Facility (GCCF), the independent agency administered by Kenneth Feinberg which was formed in June as part of an agreement between the Obama Administration and BP. To date, 62,983 claims have been opened through the GCCF, from which more than $156.9 million have been disbursed -- in addition to the more than 150,000 claims filed and $395 million disbursed through the BP claims process.

   

    Also, on September 16, the Administration released a 25-page report entitled, Estimating the Economic Effects of the Deepwater Drilling Moratorium on the Gulf Coast Economy Inter-Agency Economic Report. The report indicates that in response to the BP oil spill, the Secretary of the Interior exercised his authority to suspend certain deepwater drilling activities. Given uncertainty about the adequacy of existing safety regulations, the moratorium provided time to determine whether and how deepwater drilling could continue in a safe and environmentally-sound manner. The current moratorium is in effect until November 30, 2010. The report estimates the economic consequences of this moratorium in the five Gulf Coast states.

 

    The report indicates that, "Based on conversations with a number of rig operators along with other publicly-available information, we estimate that during the six-month period of the moratorium average employment of rig workers in the Gulf of Mexico fell by about 2,000. Total spending by drilling operators is estimated to decline $1.8 billion over the six-month period. . . We estimate that the six-month moratorium may temporarily result in up to 8,000 to 12,000 fewer jobs in the Gulf Coast. These jobs would not be permanently lost as a result of the moratorium; most would return following the resumption of deepwater drilling in the Gulf of

Mexico. . .

 

    "The other primary economic consequence of the moratorium is delayed oil production. Consistent with other studies, we estimate that the moratorium will reduce Gulf of Mexico oil production by about 31,000 barrels per day in the fourth quarter of 2010 and by roughly 82,000 barrels per day in 2011. These are small reductions compared to world production, and are occurring at a time when both crude oil and product inventories and global spare oil production capacity are at high levels, hence they are not expected to have a discernable effect on the price of oil."

 

    In the meantime, the organization, Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER), has filed a lawsuit accusing the Obama administration of "hiding the memos and e-mails behind official scientific assessments of the size of the massive BP oil spill." PEER said, "Estimates of the leak rate inexplicably rose five-fold amid reports that political appointees sought to low ball the size of the spill." Over the course of the BP incident, "official" oil leak estimates ranged from 1,000 barrels per day (bbl/day) to 55-000-62,000 bbl/day.

 

    On July 6, 2010, PEER requested the release of all of the Technical Group papers, including directives from Marcia McNutt, Director of the Interior Department's U.S. Geological Survey and other Interior political appointees but they say virtually none of the materials has been released. PEER filed a lawsuit in Federal district court in Washington, DC claiming that hundreds of pages of reports and communications are being withheld in violation of FOIA.

 

    PEER Executive Director Jeff Ruch said, "This lawsuit will produce Exhibit A for the case that science is still being manipulated under the current administration. Our concern is that the administration took, and is still taking, steps to falsely minimize public perception about the extent and severity of the BP spill -- a concern that the administration could start to dispel by releasing these documents."

    Access the statement from Allen (click here). Access the 25-page moratorium economic report (click here). Access a release from PEER and link to the lawsuit and related information (click here). Access more information on BP activities from the BP response website (click here). Access the Restore the Gulf website for more information (click here). Access the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling for additional information (click here).

Most States Ready For GHG Tailoring Rule Implementation

Sep 15: The National Association of Clean Air Agencies (NACAA), representing air pollution control agencies in 53 states and territories and over 165 major metropolitan areas across the United States released a summary indicating that "the vast majority of states are moving full speed ahead and expect to have rules in place to permit greenhouse gases (GHGs) under the higher thresholds in the GHG Tailoring Rule by January 2, 2011, or shortly thereafter [See WIMS 5/14/10]." In the final Tailoring Rule, EPA asked states to send letters to the Agency by August 2, 2010 with information regarding how the state intends to implement the Tailoring Rule. EPA asked each state to respond by indicating whether or not the state needs to undertake a regulatory or legislative process in order to incorporate the provisions of the Tailoring Rule, as well as the timeline for completing any such process.

 

    States were also asked to notify EPA if they do not have any authority to permit GHGs and; if not, to indicate whether or not they intend to revise their rules to include GHGs. NACAA reviewed and briefly summarized letters from all applicable states, as well as those from a number of local and territorial air pollution control agencies. NACAA's analysis shows that the vast majority of states are working quickly to prepare for GHG permitting and incorporate the provisions of the Tailoring Rule into applicable state and local rules and State Implementation Plans (SIPs) as soon as possible. NACAA said, "Nearly 80% of states expect to have rules in place by January 2, 2011 or shortly thereafter. Of the minority of states that will not yet have rules in place by January 2, 2011 or shortly thereafter, most are working to incorporate the provisions of the Tailoring Rule, but will be delayed due to state legislative and/or regulatory requirements."

 

    Access the 10-page summary from NACAA (click here). Access links to complete information on EPA's GHG Tailoring Rule and related information (click here).

Dems +2 GOPs Assure Small Business Bill Passage

Sep 14: In a White House blog posting, Valerie Jarrett Senior Advisor to the President, highlights the importance of small business to "the engine of job creation in our economy." She pointed to a new report from Business Roundtable highlights what she says are "the principles and priorities that provide the foundation for the President's new ideas to accelerate business investment and increase the competitiveness of American firms. The report acknowledges the critical linkages between small and large businesses in our economy, and argued that 'government policies should be aiming to promote investment growth and job creation for all U.S. businesses.'"

 

    Jarrett said, "To build on these efforts, we need to pass the Small Business Jobs Bill that is currently pending in the Senate. That bill would provide an additional 8 small business tax cuts, designed to help encourage hiring and promote small business growth. The bill would: Make 4 million small businesses and individuals eligible for higher small business expensing limits; Extend bonus depreciation for 2 million small businesses and individuals; Make 1 million small businesses eligible for zero capital gains taxes; Allow 2 million self-employed to receive a deduction for health insurance costs on their self-employment taxes; Enable virtually all small business owners to more easily receive a deduction for their use of cell phones. Acting on the small business bill along with the new proposals the President laid out would provide businesses large and small with unprecedented support and encouragement to invest and grow, not only in the short term but over the long term as well."

 

    On September 14 the Senate amendment to the bill [S.Amdt. 4594 to H.R. 5297 (Small Business Jobs and Credit Act of 2010)]passed a critical hurdle and received a cloture vote of 61 to 37 (2 Republicans not voting) which virtually guarantees its passage in the Senate. Nearly all Republicans voted against the bill, with the exception of George Voinovich (R-OH) and George LeMieux (R-FL). The Senate was expected to act on the bill September 15 and then it would have to be reapproved in the House before being delivered to the President for signature.

 

    U.S. Department of the Treasury released a statement on the Senate cloture vote for the Small Business Jobs and Credit Act of 2010 saying, "The Senate, under the leadership of Senators Reid, Baucus, and Landrieu, has taken a vital step forward to help provide small businesses with the critical support they need to expand and hire in their local communities. Small businesses are the backbone of our economy and a critical source for growth. This common sense legislation to provide targeted tax cuts and increase lending will help spur the creation of private sector jobs and strengthen our nation's recovery. I urge the Senate and House to move quickly to deliver legislation to President Obama's desk for his signature as soon as possible."

 

    According to a Senate Finance Committee summary, the fully-paid for Small Business Jobs Act will provide small businesses access to capital, robust incentives for investment, and support for innovation and entrepreneurship. Among other items, the bill is projected to: Gives small businesses $12 billion in tax cuts; Help small businesses create 500,000 new jobs; and Incentivizes and increases small business lending. The bill would provide $1.5 billion in grants to support $15 billion in new small business lending through already successful state programs and create a targeted $30 billion Small Business Lending Fund to provide small community banks with capital to increase small business lending.

 

    President Obama issued a statement saying, "Today's vote brings us one step closer to ending the months-long partisan blockade of a small business jobs bill that was written by both Democrats and Republicans. This is a bill that would cut taxes and help provide loans to millions of small business owners who create most of the new jobs in this country. It is fully paid for, it won't add to the deficit, and small businesses across the country have been waiting for Washington to act on this bill for far too long. I am grateful to Senators Reid, Baucus and Landrieu for their leadership on this issue as well as the two Republican Senators who put partisanship aside and joined Democrats in overcoming this filibuster. I urge all members of the Senate to support final passage as soon as possible."

 

    Access the Jerrett blog posting (click here). Access the Business Roundtable report (click here). Access a release from the Treasury Secretary (click here). Access the statement from President Obama (click here). Access a bill summary and link to more details (click here). Access a Democratic fact sheet on Republican opposition to the bill (click here). Access legislative details for H.R. 5297 (click here).

Varying Government Response To Widespread Perchlorate Occurrence

Sep 13: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a report entitled, Perchlorate: Occurrence Is Widespread but at Varying Levels; Federal Agencies Have Taken Some Actions to Respond to and Lessen Releases (GAO-10-769,  August 12, 2010). The report was prepared at the request of Senator James Inhofe (R-OK), the Ranking Member of the Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW).

 

    GAO reports that perchlorate is both a man-made and naturally occurring chemical. It is used in rocket fuel, explosives, fireworks, and other products. Naturally occurring perchlorate is produced through atmospheric processes and then settles on surface water or land. Perchlorate can disrupt the uptake of iodide in the thyroid, potentially interfering with thyroid function and negatively affecting fetal and infant brain development and growth. As of June 2010, there is no Federal regulatory standard for perchlorate in drinking water, and U.S. EPA, which has the authority to regulate contaminants in public drinking water systems, had not determined whether to establish one. The Department of Defense (DOD), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Department of Energy (DOE) are the primary Federal users of perchlorate.

 

    GAO was asked to examine: (1) what is known about the extent to which perchlorate occurs in the nation's water and food supply and its likely sources; (2) what actions DOD, NASA, and DOE have taken to respond to or lessen perchlorate releases; and, (3) what actions states, such as California and Massachusetts, have taken to regulate perchlorate. To address these questions, GAO analyzed data from EPA, DOD, NASA, and DOE, reviewed agency documents, and interviewed federal and state officials, researchers, and others. This report contains no recommendations.

 

   GAO found that perchlorate has been found in water and other media at varying levels in 45 states, as well as in the food supply, and comes from a variety of sources. EPA conducted one nationwide perchlorate sampling, between 2001 and 2005, and detected perchlorate at or above 4 parts per billion in 160 of the 3,865 public water systems tested (about 4.1 percent). In 31 of these 160 systems, perchlorate was found above 15 parts per billion, EPA's current "interim health advisory level." Sampling by DOD, NASA, and DOE detected perchlorate in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediment at some facilities. For example, GAO's analysis of DOD data showed that perchlorate was detected at almost 70 percent of the 407 installations sampled from fiscal years 1997 through 2009, with detections ranging from less than 1 part per billion to 2.6 million parts per billion. A 2006 Food and Drug Administration study found perchlorate in 74 percent of 285 food items tested, with certain foods, such as tomatoes and spinach, having higher perchlorate levels than others. According to researchers, concentrations of perchlorate at or above 100 parts per billion generally result from activities involving man-made perchlorate, such as the use of perchlorate as a rocket propellant. Lower concentrations can result from the use of man-made perchlorate, atmospheric processes, or the use of fertilizer containing naturally occurring perchlorate.

 

    According to DOD, NASA, and DOE officials, the agencies have sampled, monitored and, at several sites, begun cleaning up perchlorate. When DOD detects perchlorate at or above threshold levels—currently 15 parts per billion for water—DOD is to investigate further and may take additional actions. DOD has taken actions beyond initial sampling at 48 of the 53 installations with perchlorate detections above 15 parts per billion. NASA is in the midst of a cleanup at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and is monitoring the level of perchlorate in groundwater at three other facilities. In addition, DOE is cleaning up perchlorate at two facilities involved in high explosives research, development, and testing and is monitoring the level of perchlorate in groundwater at two other facilities. According to DOD, NASA, and DOE officials, the perchlorate detected at their facilities is largely the result of past disposal practices. Officials at these agencies told us that by complying with current federal and state waste disposal laws and regulations, they have lessened their perchlorate releases. In addition, DOD is developing perchlorate substitutes for use in weapons simulators, flares, and rockets.

 

    In the absence of a federal regulatory standard for perchlorate in drinking water, California and Massachusetts have adopted their own standards. California adopted a drinking water standard of 6 parts per billion in 2007, and Massachusetts set a drinking water standard of 2 parts per billion in 2006. The key benefits of a regulatory standard cited by state officials include protecting public health and facilitating cleanup enforcement. However, limited information exists on the actual costs of regulating perchlorate in these states. Also, at least 10 other states have established guidance levels for perchlorate in drinking water (ranging from 1 to 18 parts per billion) or in groundwater.

 

    In April of this year U.S. EPA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued a major 216-page report (plus appendices) entitled, Office of Inspector General Scientific Analysis of Perchlorate (April 19, 2010, No. 10-P-0101). OIG report that on February 18, 2005, EPA issued a perchlorate RfD that corresponds to a drinking water equivalent level of 24.5 parts per billion (ppb). The OIG analysis implemented a cumulative risk assessment that found the following among other items that EPA's perchlorate RfD is conservative and protective of human health, and further reducing the perchlorate exposure below the RfD does not effectively lower risk [See WIMS 4/20/10].

 

    Access the complete 63-page report (click here). Access the extensive 216-page OIG report (click here); and Appendix D (206-pages, click here) and Appendix E (81-pages, click here).

IAC Recommends Fundamental Reform In IPCC Climate Assessments

Aug 30: A new report from the InterAcademy Council (IAC), an Amsterdam-based organization of the world's science academies including the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS), indicates that the process used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to produce its periodic assessment reports has been successful overall, but IPCC needs to fundamentally reform its management structure and strengthen its procedures to handle ever larger and increasingly complex climate assessments as well as the more intense public scrutiny coming from a world grappling with how best to respond to climate change.

 

    Harold Shapiro, president emeritus and professor of economics and public affairs at Princeton University and chair of the committee that wrote the report said, "Operating under the public microscope the way IPCC does requires strong leadership, the continued and enthusiastic participation of distinguished scientists, an ability to adapt, and a commitment to openness if the value of these assessments to society is to be maintained."

 

    In a release the IAC indicates that The IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme to inform policy decisions through periodic assessments of what is known about the physical scientific aspects of climate change, its global and regional impacts, and options for adaptation and mitigation. Representatives of 194 participating governments make up the Panel, which sets the scope of the assessments, elects the Bureau that oversees them, and approves the Summaries for Policymakers that accompany the massive assessment reports themselves, which are prepared by thousands of scientists who volunteer for three Working Groups.

 

    These assessment reports have gained IPCC much respect including a share of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. However, amid an increasingly intense public debate about the science of climate change and costs of curbing it, IPCC has come under closer scrutiny, and controversies have erupted over its perceived impartiality toward climate policy and the accuracy of its reports. This prompted U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and IPCC chair Rajendra K. Pachauri to issue a letter on March 10 this year requesting that the IAC review IPCC and recommend ways to strengthen the processes and procedures by which future assessments are prepared.

 

    The IAC report makes several recommendations to fortify IPCC's management structure, including establishing an executive committee to act on the Panel's behalf and ensure that an ongoing decision-making capability is maintained. To enhance its credibility and independence, the executive committee should include individuals from outside the IPCC or even outside the climate science community. IPCC also should appoint an executive director -- with the status of a senior scientist equal to that of the Working Group co-chairs -- to lead the Secretariat, handle day-to-day operations, and speak on behalf of the organization.

 

    Given that the IAC report was prompted in part by the revelation of errors in the last assessment, the committee examined IPCC's review process as well. It concluded that the process is thorough, but stronger enforcement of existing IPCC review procedures could minimize the number of errors. To that end, IPCC should encourage review editors to fully exercise their authority to ensure that all review comments are adequately considered. Review editors should also ensure that genuine controversies are reflected in the report and be satisfied that due consideration was given to properly documented alternative views. Lead authors should explicitly document that the full range of thoughtful scientific views has been considered.

 

    Additionally, the report indicates that the use of so-called gray literature from unpublished or non-peer-reviewed sources has been controversial, although often such sources of information and data are relevant and appropriate for inclusion in the assessment reports. Problems occur because authors do not follow IPCC's guidelines for evaluating such sources and because the guidelines themselves are too vague, the committee said. It recommended that these guidelines be made more specific -- including adding guidelines on what types of literature are unacceptable -- and strictly enforced to ensure that unpublished and non-peer-reviewed literature is appropriately flagged. The committee also called for more consistency in how the Working Groups characterize uncertainty. In the last assessment, each Working Group used a different variation of IPCC's uncertainty guidelines, and the committee found that the guidance is not always followed.

 

    Also, among other recommendations the IAC indicated that IPCC's slow and inadequate response to revelations of errors in the last assessment, as well as complaints that its leaders have gone beyond IPCC's mandate to be "policy relevant, not policy prescriptive" in their public comments, have made communications a critical issue. The report recommends that IPCC complete and implement a communications strategy now in development. The strategy should emphasize transparency and include a plan for rapid but thoughtful response to crises.

 

    Access a lengthy release from IAC summarizing the recommendations (click here). Access the complete report (click here). Access a UN webcast (click here). Access an opening statement from Chairman Shapiro (click here). Access a statement from UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (click here).

EPA Asks For Company Information On Hydraulic Fracturing

Sep 9: U.S. EPA announced that it has issued voluntary information requests to nine natural gas service companies regarding the process known as hydraulic fracturing. The Agency said the data requested is integral to a broad scientific study now underway by EPA, which Congress called for in 2009. The study is to determine whether hydraulic fracturing has an impact on drinking water and the public health of Americans living in the vicinity of hydraulic fracturing wells.

    In making the requests of the nine leading national and regional hydraulic fracturing service providers -- BJ Services, Complete Production Services, Halliburton, Key Energy Services, Patterson-UTI, RPC, Inc., Schlumberger, Superior Well Services, and Weatherford -- EPA is seeking information on the chemical composition of fluids used in the hydraulic fracturing process, data on the impacts of the chemicals on human health and the environment, standard operating procedures at their hydraulic fracturing sites and the locations of sites where fracturing has been conducted. The information will be used as the basis for gathering further detailed information on a representative selection of sites. 

    EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson said, "This scientifically rigorous study will help us understand the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water -- a concern that has been raised by Congress and the American people. By sharing information about the chemicals and methods they are using, these companies will help us make a thorough and efficient review of hydraulic fracturing and determine the best path forward. Natural gas is an important part of our nation's energy future, and it's critical that the extraction of this valuable natural resource does not come at the expense of safe water and healthy communities. EPA will do everything in its power, as it is obligated to do, to protect the health of the American people and will respond to demonstrated threats while the study is underway."

    Hydraulic fracturing is a process in which large volumes of water, sand and chemicals are injected at high pressures to extract oil and natural gas from underground rock formations. The process creates fractures in formations such as shale rock, allowing natural gas or oil to escape into the well and be recovered. During the past few years, the use of hydraulic fracturing has expanded across much of the country.

    EPA announced in March that it will study the potential adverse impact that hydraulic fracturing may have on drinking water [See WIMS 3/19/10]. To solicit input on the scope of the study, EPA is holding a series of public meetings in major oil and gas production regions to hear from citizens, independent experts and industry. The initial results of the study will be announced in late 2012. EPA will identify additional information for industry to provide -- including information on fluid disposal practices and geological features -- that will help EPA carry out the study.

    EPA has requested the information be provided on a voluntary basis within 30 days, and has asked the companies to respond within seven days to inform the Agency whether they will provide all of the information sought. The data being sought is similar to information that has already been provided separately to Congress by the industry. Therefore, EPA expects the companies to cooperate with these voluntary requests. If not, EPA is prepared to use its authorities to require the information needed to carry out its study. EPA said it is currently working with state and local governments who play an important role in overseeing and regulating fracturing operations and are at the forefront of protecting local air and water quality from adverse impacts.

 

    Access a release from EPA (click here). Access the letter on the voluntary information request (click here). Access EPA's Hydraulic Fracturing website for more information (click here). Access more information on the Science Advisory Board hydraulic fracturing review committee and the supporting documents (click here).

DOI Review Calls For Offshore Oil & Gas Operations Reforms

Sep 8: Department of Interior (DOI) Secretary Ken Salazar announced that a team led by senior officials at DOI, including Interior's Inspector General, have completed a review of offshore oil and gas oversight and regulation and have delivered a set of recommendations that reinforce and expand on ongoing reforms being carried out by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Director Michael Bromwich. The report of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Safety Oversight Board, which Secretary Salazar established immediately following the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon rig, provides recommendations to strengthen permitting, inspections, enforcement and environmental stewardship. Director Bromwich announced that BOEMRE has developed an implementation plan for the recommendations, many of which are already underway or planned.

    Secretary Salazar said, "I tasked the OCS Safety Board with taking a hard, thorough look -- top to bottom -- at how this department regulates and oversees offshore oil and gas operations and provide me their honest and unvarnished recommendations for reform. The report is what I was looking for: it is honest; it doesn't sugarcoat challenges we know are there; it provides a blueprint for solving them; and it shows that we are on precisely the right track with our reform agenda. We are absolutely committed to building a regulatory agency that has the authorities, resources, and support to provide strong and effective regulation and oversight -- and we are on our way to accomplishing that goal."

    DOI indicated in a release that the Safety Oversight Board's findings and recommendations provide a framework to build upon reforms to create more accountability, efficiency and effectiveness in the Interior agencies that carry out the Department's offshore energy management responsibilities. The recommendations address both short- and long-term efforts that complement other ongoing reports and reviews, such as the Secretary's May 27 report to the President, the Presidential inquiry into the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the U.S. Coast Guard-Interior investigation into the causes of the incident.

    The recommendations range from improved consistency and communication of BOEMRE's operational policies to technology improvements and day-to-day management in the field. Strengthening inspections and enforcement -- from personnel training to the deterrent effect of fines and civil penalties -- is a major focus of the recommendations. BOEMRE's implementation plan outlines the initiatives and programs that the Bureau is undertaking which address the report's recommendations, including: reorganizing MMS to address real and perceived conflicts between resource management, safety and environmental oversight and enforcement, and revenue collection responsibilities; seeking additional resources in the form of funding, personnel, equipment and information systems; ethics reforms that include the establishment of an Investigations and Review Unit and a new recusal policy to address potential conflicts of interests within BOEMRE and industry; and Inter-Agency coordination with Federal agencies related to oil spill response and the mitigation of environmental effects of offshore energy development.

    The DOI review and recommendations follow the release on September 7 of the recommendations of two U.S. oil and natural gas industry task forces on preventing oil spills, enhancing oil spill response and improving subsea well control. Those recommendations are part of a comprehensive effort led by the American Petroleum Institute (API) to strengthen all aspects of offshore safety, while continuing to produce energy and create jobs for Americans.

    The two task forces provided more than 50 recommendations. They include recommendations for quicker and more effective methods for capping a runaway well to recommendations for how to better remove oil from the water and keep it from coming ashore. In May, two other industry task forces provided recommendations to the Department of the Interior on industry operating procedures and equipment. And one of those has recently followed up with a new recommendation for offshore operators and drilling contractors to employ a well construction interfacing document that would integrate all aspects of safety management systems.

    Access a release from DOI with links to the OCS Safety Oversight Board Report and the BOEM Implementation Plan (click here). Access a release from API and link to the task force documents (click here).

President's $50 Billion Infrastructure Plan; Republicans Oppose

Sep 6: In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, President Obama announced a comprehensive infrastructure plan to expand and renew our nation's roads, railways and runways. The White House said the proposal is among a set of targeted initiatives that the President will outline in Cleveland on Wednesday (September 8) to support our economic recovery and ensure long-term sustainable growth. The plan builds upon the infrastructure investments the President has already made through the Recovery Act, includes principles the President put forth during the campaign, and emphasizes American competitiveness and innovation. 

 

    The President said, "I am announcing a new plan for rebuilding and modernizing America's roads and rails and runways for the long term.  (Applause.)  I want America to have the best infrastructure in the world. We used to have the best infrastructure in the world.  We can have it again.  We are going to make it happen. Over the next six years, over the next six years, we are going to rebuild 150,000 miles of our roads -- that's enough to circle the world six times. That's a lot of road. We're going to lay and maintain 4,000 miles of our railways -- enough to stretch coast to coast. We're going to restore 150 miles of runways. And we're going to advance a next-generation air-traffic control system to reduce travel time and delays for American travelers. . .

 

    "This is a plan that will be fully paid for. It will not add to the deficit over time -- we're going to work with Congress to see to that. We want to set up an infrastructure bank to leverage federal dollars and focus on the smartest investments. We're going to continue our strategy to build a national high-speed rail network that reduces congestion and travel times and reduces harmful emissions. . . But the bottom line is this, Milwaukee -- this will not only create jobs immediately, it's also going to make our economy hum over the long haul. It's a plan that history tells us can and should attract bipartisan support. . ."

 

    House Republican Leader John Boehner (R-OH) issued a statement on the stimulus spending plan President Obama outlined in Milwaukee and said, "As the American people, facing near double-digit unemployment, mark Labor Day by asking, where are the jobs, the White House has chosen to double-down on more of the same failed 'stimulus' spending. Eighteen months ago, the Administration promised that if we passed their trillion-dollar 'stimulus' it would create jobs 'immediately' and keep unemployment below eight percent. Instead, millions of Americans have lost their jobs, and unemployment is approaching 10 percent. If we've learned anything from the past 18 months, it's that we can't spend our way to prosperity. We don't need more government 'stimulus' spending -- we need to end Washington Democrats' out-of-control spending spree, stop their tax hikes, and create jobs by eliminating the job-killing uncertainty that is hampering our small businesses."

 

    U.S. Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) issued a statement on what he called "the administration's latest stimulus and tax hike proposal for infrastructure spending" and said, "After the administration pledged that a trillion dollars in borrowed stimulus money would create 4 million jobs and keep the unemployment rate under 8 percent, their latest plan for another stimulus should be met with justifiable skepticism. After failing to deliver on their economic promises for more than 18 months, the administration wants to do it again--this time with higher taxes for even more new spending. Americans are rightly skeptical about Washington Democrats asking for more of their money -- and their patience; after all, they're still looking for the 'shovel-ready' jobs they were promised more than a year ago. A last-minute, cobbled-together stimulus bill with more than $50 billion in new tax hikes will not reverse the complete lack of confidence Americans have in Washington Democrats' ability to help this economy."

   

    Today (September 8) the President was delivering remarks between 2-4 PM outlining a set of targeted initiatives to support economic recovery and ensure long-term sustainable growth at the Cuyahoga Community College West Campus in Cleveland, Ohio. The President proposed a research and development tax credit and investment tax credits for business development in the U.S. Before the White House had posted the text of the speech or further details, the Republican Senate and House leaders issued statements opposing the plan.

 

    Representative Boehner said, "If the president is serious about finally focusing on jobs, a good start would be taking the advice of his recently departed budget director and freezing all tax rates, coupled with cutting federal spending to where it was before all the bailouts, government takeovers, and 'stimulus' spending sprees." Senator McConnell said, "If the President wanted to have an immediate impact on hiring, he could begin by changing his mind and announcing today his opposition to the job-killing tax hikes on small businesses. America's job creators have already been hit with higher health care costs and related taxes, new bureaucracy and a financial regulation bill. Americans want jobs, not more government, more debt and more taxes. Let's start today with a declarative statement against tax hikes on the small businesses that are critical to expand and create jobs."

 

    Access the full text of the President's Milwaukee speech (click here). Access a White House fact sheet on the proposal (click here). Access a White House blog posting from Ray LaHood Secretary of Transportation on the proposal with links to related information and video (click here). Access the statement from Representative Boehner (click here). Access the statement from Senator McConnell (click here).

Day 139 BP Oil Spill: BOP & Booms Removed

Sep 7: On September 4, Thad Allen, National Incident Commander for the BP oil spill announced that BP had successfully changed out the Blow Out Preventers (BOP) on the Macondo Well. The BOP Lower Marine Riser Package is being transported by the Q4000 closer to shore where both Lower Marine Riser Package and Blow Out Preventer was transferred to other vessels for transfer to the area where the BOP was taken into custody and is now part of the evidence material that's been required by the joint investigative team and is being done under the supervision of the Department of Justice. Law enforcement personnel were onboard the vessels supervising each step as well as documented with ROV coverage.  At the well itself monitoring of the well continues and there have been no anomalies associated with the well.

    Development Driller II has placed a new BOP on the well head which is being flushed with fluids and BP is replacing the riser pipe. Allen said the new riser pipe would create "the complete functionality of the riser pipe connect to the BOP to this well as if it were a functioning well itself with the BOP on top. At that point, in fact, where we are at now with the new BOP on the well is we basically have secured this well as we would any well that was under production and then being closed out with a kill. There is cement in the well casing itself. There's a Blow Out Preventer that has been pressure tested on top. And we have essentially eliminated the threat of discharge from the well at this point."

    Allen said there are a series of events that will be taking place throughout the next several days that actually create a transition from controlling the source of the spill to "plugging an abandonment" which is a regulatory term used by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) in supervising how a well is put into a reserve status.

    He said once the control of the source and the final steps to plug and abandon the well are achieved the operation will shift to the oversight of the Department of Interior and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. And when there is no further threat of discharge in the well and it has been killed it will no longer be under the purview of Allen as a National Incident Commander -- it will shift to the Department of Energy at that point.  

    Allen explained that following some diagnostics to further understand the condition of the well the science team in conjunction with the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management will make a decision on the next couple of steps. Work will begin again on the relief well and bottom kill operations this week. 

    On September 7, the Unified Command announced that all of the "hard (containment) boom" deployed as part of the Federal-led response in Mississippi, Alabama and the Florida Panhandle has now been recovered. The Incident Command Post (ICP) at Mobile announced that more than 1.6 million feet of hard boom has been removed from those state waters. Crews are currently in the process of removing the remaining fragments of storm-damaged hard boom from areas where it was stranded. ICP said the boom now posed potentially more risk than it offered protection for shorelines. During the oil spill response, a total of more than 3.7 million feet of hard boom was placed at critical points to protect wildlife refuges, estuaries, beaches, marshes and other environmentally sensitive and economically significant lands throughout the Gulf Coast.

    On August 27, NOAA reopened 4,281 square miles of Gulf waters off western Louisiana to commercial and recreational fishing; and then again on September 3, the Agency reopened another 3,114 square miles of Gulf waters offshore of the western Florida panhandle. The closed area now covers 39,885 square miles, or about 17 percent of the Federal waters in the Gulf, which was 37 percent at its height on June 2. On September 7, NOAA and other agencies released a report finding decreased, but stabilized levels of dissolved oxygen in Gulf areas with subsurface oil. They said there were no "dead zones" observed or expected as part of the BJP Deepwater Horizon oil spill (See related article in this report).

    On September 7, BP announced that The Deepwater Horizon accident investigation report prepared by BP's internal investigation team on the causes of the Gulf of Mexico tragedy, is expected to be published tomorrow at 7:00 AM EDT. When published, the full report will be available on the BP website (see below). BP also announced it is providing $10 million to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under its Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GRI) to support a study of potential public health issues relating to the Gulf oil spill and other spill-related health research. The GRI is a 10-year, $500 million independent research program established by BP to better understand and mitigate the environmental and potential health effects of the Gulf spill.

    Access the transcript of the September 4 briefing (click here). Access the latest NOAA fishing area report (click here). Access a release from NOAA on the dissolved oxygen report (click here). Access more information on BP activities from the BP response website (click here). Access the Restore the Gulf website for more information (click here).

Day 121 BP Oil Spill: Maybe A "Kill" Labor Day Week; 22-Mile Plume

Aug 20: At the August 19, press briefing, Thad Allen, National Incident Commander explained that over the last week or so that intense negotiations and discussions between the government science, team headed by Energy Secretary Steven Chu and the BP engineers in Houston have taken place regarding the so-called "bottom kill" operation to intercept the well bore with a relief well and permanently close the well with mud and cement.

 

    Allen explained that the central point of discussion has revolved around the likelihood of pressure building in the annulus between the well and well bore at the time of intersection. The consultations thus far revolved around two potential scenarios. One involves going ahead and intersecting the annulus with the current blow out preventer and the capping stack in place. The other one is to replace the current blow out preventer and capping stack with a new blow out preventer prior to conducting the intersect. 

 

    He said that as those discussions were taking place, BP was directed to prepare the blow out preventer on Development Driller II -- the one that's associated with the second relief well -- for use as a blow out preventer, should it be needed. BP was also directed to flush out the current blow out preventer and capping stack, clean it out and fill it with sea water in anticipation of an ambient test with sea water in the BOP that is the same liquid that we have outside the BOP to allow us to do a more accurate pressure test. He said those operations have been completed and late August 18, the decision was made to proceed to remove the current blow out preventer and capping stack, replace it with a new blow preventer in advance of the well kill subject to conditions.
 
    Allen said the ambient pressure testing would take approximately 48 hours (i.e. ending August 21) and if there are no anomalies and no hydrocarbons present, then they would conduct what is being called a "fishing experiment." He said, "We are going to actually put a drill bit down in the blow out preventer and attempt to extract the drill pipe. The reason we want to try and extract the drill pipe that reduces the risk that when we remove the blow out preventer and put the new one on, there won't be an (off score) or some kind of a bar to having a seal with the new blow out preventer. And we have told BP you need to do the ambient test, conduct the fishing experiment, come back to us with the results and then we will proceed after that. . ."

    Allen said all of the operations have been done with an "overabundance of caution related to minimizing risk associated with the intersection of the well." He said, "We are very, very close to the end. This gets to be a very, very complex evolution and there are no black and white choices here and this has required a significant amount of discussion. . . At the press brief yesterday someone asked about a timeline, I said there was no timeline at the present and that was true.  There remains a sequence of events that will be carried out. They are conditions based. When we take one step and we are successful, we will move to the next step. Should all these steps prove successful and we move towards the eventual intersection of the well, that could take place sometime the week after Labor Day.

 

Researchers Find "Conclusively" A 22-Mile Gulf Oil Plume 

 

Aug 19: Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) have detected a plume of hydrocarbons that is at least 22 miles long and more than 3,000 feet below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico, a residue of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The 1.2-mile-wide, 650-foot-high plume of trapped hydrocarbons provides at least a partial answer to recent questions asking where all the oil has gone as surface slicks shrink and disappear [See WIMS 8/17/10]. Christopher Reddy, a WHOI marine geochemist and oil spill expert and one of the authors of the study, which appears in the August 19 issue of the journal Science said, "These results indicate that efforts to book keep where the oil went must now include this plume" in the Gulf. 

    The researchers measured distinguishing petroleum hydrocarbons in the plume and, using them as an investigative tool, determined that the source of the plume could not have been natural oil seeps but had to have come from the blown out well. Moreover, they reported that deep-sea microbes were degrading the plume relatively slowly, and that it was possible that the plume had and will persist for some time.

    The WHOI team based its findings on some 57,000 discrete chemical analyses measured in real time during a June 19-28 scientific cruise aboard the R/V Endeavor, which is owned by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated by the University of Rhode Island. They accomplished their feat using two highly advanced technologies: the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry and a type of underwater mass spectrometer known as TETHYS (Tethered Yearlong Spectrometer). Richard Camilli of WHOI's Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, chief scientist of the cruise and lead author of the paper said, "We've shown conclusively not only that a plume exists, but also defined its origin and near-field structure. Until now, these have been treated as a theoretical matter in the literature."

 

    Camilli said, the plume has shown that the oil already "is persisting for longer periods than we would have expected. Many people speculated that subsurface oil droplets were being easily biodegraded. Well, we didn't find that. We found it was still there." Reddy said, "Whether the plume's existence poses a significant threat to the Gulf is not yet clear, the researchers say. We don't know how toxic it is and we don't know how it formed, or why. But knowing the size, shape, depth, and heading of this plume will be vital for answering many of these questions."

   

    Access the transcript of the August 19 press briefing with Q&As (click here). Access more information on BP activities from the BP response website (click here). Access the Restore the Gulf website for more information (click here). [*Energy/OilSpill]

Access a lengthy release on the WHOI research with pictures, graphics and video (click here).

EPA Sets Dates For Hearings On Coal Ash Regulations

Aug 19: The U.S. EPA announced that it will be hosting seven public hearings on the Agency's controversial proposal to regulate the disposal and management of coal ash from coal-fired power plants. On May 4, U.S. EPA announced it was proposing the first-ever national rules to ensure the safe disposal and management of coal ash from coal-fired power plants. Coal ash, are byproducts of the combustion of coal at power plants and are disposed of in liquid form at large surface impoundments and in solid form at landfills. The residuals contain contaminants like mercury, cadmium and arsenic, which are associated with cancer and various other serious health effects. EPA's risk assessment and damage cases demonstrate that, without proper protections, these contaminants can leach into groundwater and can migrate to drinking water sources, posing significant health public concerns [See WIMS 5/4/10].

 

    On July 29, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher (D-VA) and 30 Members of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce sent a letter to U.S. EPA Administrator, Lisa Jackson, expressing his strong opposition to an EPA proposal to regulate coal combustion residuals (i.e. coal ash) [See WIMS 8/2/10]. Among other things, Boucher said, EPA regulation of coal ash as a hazardous waste could have the effect of destroying jobs by preventing the recycling of coal ash into useful construction products like cement and wall board. Among the signers to the letter were Michigan Representatives Bart Stupak (D) and Fred Upton (R).

 

    EPA said that each hearing will begin at 10:00 AM and continue until 9:00 PM with a break at noon and 5:00 PM local time. The hearings will continue past 9:00 PM if necessary. People who wish for a guaranteed slot to speak must register no later than three business days before each hearing (See link below). Additionally, walk-ins and written comments will be accepted at each hearing. The Agency will consider the public's comments in its final decision.

    The hearings are scheduled for: August 30: Hyatt Regency, 2799 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA; September 2: Grand Hyatt, 1750 Welton Street, Denver, CO; September 8: Hyatt Regency Dallas, 300 Reunion Boulevard, Dallas, TX; September 14: Holiday Inn Charlotte (Airport), 2707 Little Rock Road, Charlotte, NC; September 16: Hilton Chicago, 720 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL; September 21: Omni Hotel, 530 William Penn Place, Pittsburgh, PA; and September 28: Seelbach Hilton, 500 Fourth Street, Louisville, KY.

    EPA said the need for national management criteria and regulation was emphasized by the December 2008 spill of coal ash from a surface impoundment near Kingston, TN. EPA indicated that the proposal would ensure for the first time that protective controls, such as liners and ground water monitoring, are in place at new landfills to protect groundwater and human health. Existing surface impoundments will also require liners, with strong incentives to close these impoundments and transition to safer landfills which store coal ash in dry form. The proposed regulations would ensure stronger oversight of the structural integrity of impoundments and promote environmentally safe and desirable forms of recycling coal ash, known as beneficial uses. EPA has proposed two main management approaches, one of which phases out surface impoundments and moves all coal ash to landfills; the other allows coal ash to be disposed in surface impoundments, but with stricter safety criteria.

    Access a release from EPA on the meetings (click here). Access EPA's docket on the coal ash regulations (click here). Access more information about the proposed regulation (click here). Access pre-register information by calling (703) 308-8429 or online (click here). Access more information about the proposed regulation (click here). Access a chart comparing the two proposed approaches (click here).

62 Companies "Road Test" Two New GHG Protocol Standards

Aug 17: A release from World Resources Institute (WRI) indicates that more than 60 companies have completed the "road testing" of new global standards designed to help measure the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of their products and supply chains. Developed by WRI and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), the two new GHG Protocol standards -- the Product Lifecycle Accounting and Reporting Standard and the Scope 3 (Corporate Value Chain) Accounting and Reporting Standard -- provide methods to account for emissions associated with individual products across their life-cycles and of corporations across their value chains.

    The 62 companies from multiple sectors and 17 countries started road testing the standards in January. In June, they submitted written feedback on their usability along with final GHG inventory reports. A summary of the feedback is posted on the GHG Protocol website. Jennifer Morgan, director of WRI's Climate and Energy Program said, "The road testing experience illustrates how developing rules around measurement, reporting, and verification involves complex technical and policy decisions that need real-world feedback to ensure the right balance is achieved between rigor and ease of use while keeping in view the capacity of both experienced and new users. The GHG Protocol approach to develop international standards provides us a model on how we might want to pursue the development of rules on tracking emissions at the country-level as well."

    The companies that road tested the Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard reported they had little difficulty completing an inventory in conformance with the requirements and found the guidance provided in the draft helpful. The companies that road tested the Scope 3 Accounting and Reporting Standard found it achievable to complete a Scope 3 inventory and many companies believe it practical to complete one on an annual basis.

    The road testers shared similar views on the business value of using the standards. Most road testers agree that the standards help in identifying GHG reduction opportunities and prioritizing reduction efforts; engaging suppliers and enabling supply chain GHG management; understanding risks and opportunities associated with emissions in the supply chain; creating competitive advantage and product differentiation; and improving credibility and transparency in GHG reporting. The next steps will be to revise the standards based on feedback from the road testers as well as the Steering Committee and Technical Working Groups. The revised standards will be released at the end of September for a 30 day public comment period. The text will be finalized at the end of 2010 and the final versions will be published by March 2011.

    Companies that participated in the road testing exercise include: 3M, Abengoa, Acer Inc, Airbus S.A.S, AkzoNobel, Alcoa, Amcor, Ampacet, Anvil Knitwear, Inc., Autodesk, Inc., Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd, BASF SE, Belron International, Bloomberg LP, BT plc, Coca-Cola Erfrischungsgetränke AG, Danisco A/S, Deutsche Post DHL, Deutsche Telekom AG, DuPont, Ecolab, Ford Motor Company, General Electric, Gold'n Plump Poultry, LLC, Herman Miller, Inc, IKEA, Italcementi Group, JohnsonDiversey, Kraft Foods, Kun Shan Tai Ying Paint Co, Ltd., Lenovo, Levi Strauss & Co., Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, National Grid, New Belgium Brewing¸ Ocean Spray Cranberries, Otarian, PE International, PepsiCo, Inc., Pfizer, Pinchin Environmental Ltd., PricewaterhouseCoopers (Hong Kong), Procter & Gamble Eurocor, Public Service Enterprise Group, Inc., Rogers Communications, SAP AG, SC Johnson, Shanghai Zidan Food Packaging and Printing Co., Ltd., Shell International Petroleum Company Ltd., Siemens AG, Suzano Pulp and Paper, Swire Beverages, TAL Apparel Limited, Tech-Front (Shanghai) Computer Co., Ltd. / Quanta Shanghai Manufacturing City, Veolia Water, Verso Paper Corp., Webcor Builders, WorldAutoSteel.

    Access a release from WRI (click here). Access the GHG Protocol website (click here).

Day 118 BP Oil Spill: 75% Gone; 79% Left; Confused?

Aug 16: A report released on August 16, by the Georgia Sea Grant and the University of Georgia concludes that up to 79 percent of the oil released into the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon well has not been recovered and remains a threat to the ecosystem. Perhaps that sounds confusing because on August 4, the Federal government issued a report indicating that the vast majority of the oil from the BP oil spill (i.e. approximately 75 percent) had either evaporated or been burned, skimmed, recovered from the wellhead or dispersed -- much of which is in the process of being degraded [See WIMS 8/4/10]. At the time the government report was release officials said a significant amount of the removal was "the direct result of the robust federal response efforts." 

    The differences are significant because the percentages must be applied to the latest government estimate released by the Flow Rate Technical Group (FRTG) on August 2, indicating that 4.9 million barrels -- nearly 206 million gallons -- of oil were released into the Gulf by the BP leak. The University of Georgia report also corrects that figure and says that it uses a figure of 4.1 million barrels since .8 million barrels were piped directly from the well to surface ships and, therefore, never entered Gulf waters.

    The University of Georgia report, authored by five prominent marine scientists, strongly contradicts media reports that suggest that only 25 percent of the oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill remains. Charles Hopkinson, director of Georgia Sea Grant and professor of marine sciences in the University of Georgia Franklin College of Arts and Sciences said, "One major misconception is that oil that has dissolved into water is gone and, therefore, harmless. The oil is still out there, and it will likely take years to completely degrade. We are still far from a complete understanding of what its impacts are."

    Co-authors on the paper include Jay Brandes, associate professor, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography; Samantha Joye, professor of marine sciences, UGA; Richard Lee, professor emeritus, Skidaway; and Ming-yi Sun, professor of marine sciences UGA. The group analyzed data from the August 2, National Incident Command Report, which calculated an "oil budget" that was widely interpreted to suggest that only 25 percent of the oil from the spill remained.

    Hopkinson notes that the reports arrive at different conclusions largely because the Sea Grant and UGA scientists estimate that the vast majority of the oil classified as dispersed, dissolved or residual is still present, whereas the NIC report has been interpreted to suggest that only the "residual" form of oil is still present. Hopkinson said that his group also estimated how much of the oil could have evaporated, degraded or weathered as of the date of the report. Using a range of reasonable evaporation and degradation estimates, the group calculated that 70-79 percent of oil spilled into the Gulf still remains. The group showed that "it was impossible for all the dissolved oil to have evaporated because only oil at the surface of the ocean can evaporate into the atmosphere and large plumes of oil are trapped in deep water."

    On a positive note, the group said that natural processes continue to transform, dilute, degrade and evaporate the oil. They add that circular current known as the Franklin Eddy is preventing the Loop Current from bringing oil-contaminated water from the Gulf to the Atlantic, which bodes well for the East Coast. Professor Joye said that both the NIC report and the Sea Grant report are best estimates and emphasizes the need for a sustained and coordinated research effort to better understand the impacts of what has become the world's worst maritime oil spill. She warned that neither report accounted for hydrocarbon gasses such as methane in their oil budgets. She said, "That's a gaping hole because hydrocarbon gasses are a huge portion of what was ejected from the well."

    Marine scientist Professor Joye and other faculty members directly involved in assessing the impacts of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill have been holding regular briefings for media since June 22. Joye continues to provide regular updates on her research findings through her widely read blog (see contact below). Joye is an expert in the cycling of nutrients, metals, and organic materials between the living and non-living components of the ecosystem (a field known as biogeochemistry) as well as microbial ecology, metabolism and physiology. She has conducted research in the Gulf of Mexico for about 15 years. When the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded on April 20, she was coordinating a research mission aboard a NOAA-funded research vessel that was just 8 miles from the disaster site.

    At an August 16, press briefing Thad Allen, National Incident Commander (NIC) explained in some details the current status of the BP attempt to intercept the well and conduct the so-called "bottom kill." He explained that BP engineers and the government's science team are working to look at test results and do investigations to define the best way to mitigate any risk of intercepting the annulus and increasing the pressure in the annulus. He said, "We want to make sure before I give the order and direct BP to do that, that we know the implications of that pressure, and how we will deal with it. There're basically two courses of action that are being looked at right now and at the same time we are continuing to do what we call a near ambient pressure test on the blow out preventer." The science team was scheduled to meet late yesterday and then would brief Secretary Chu and Secretary Salazar.  And the science team and Secretary Chu will make a recommendation on how to proceed. 

    Access a release from University of Georgia (click here). Access the complete Georgia Sea Grant/University of Georgia Oil Spill report (click here). Access figures from the report (click here). Access the Gulf Oil Blog by Professor Joye (click here). Access the latest NIC press briefing transcript with details on the intercept options (click here). Access more information on BP activities from the BP response website (click here). Access the Restore the Gulf website for more information (click here).